Small optical magnetic-field sensor that uses rare-Earth iron garnet films based on the faraday effect

Highly accurate optical magnetic-field probe sensors that use iron garnet films have been developed. New probe-type sensors were designed with a confocal optical system. A new garnet composition, Bi(0.98)Gd(0.92)La(0.03)Y(1.07)Fe(4.72)Ga(0.28)O(12), was found that shows high temperature stability for a sensitivity of less than 2.0% from -20 to +80 degrees C. The linearity error of the sensor output was within 1.0% for alternating magnetic fields from 0.3 to 42 mT. An optical current transformer that uses the proposed sensor has an ac linearity of 1.0% for input current up to nearly 300 A. The sensor realized high performance in actual use.     

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on the upper and lower surfaces of the frog skin epidermal cells.

We examined the fine structure of the upper and lower surfaces of stratified squamous epithelial cells in the skin of frogs (Hyla japonica). SEM revealed the upper surface of superficial cells covered with ramified microridges (type 3). The width of the microridges was 0.20-0.24 microns. Microridges found at the cell boundary were about 0.30 microns in width and a narrow furrow was seen between the two cells. The numerous oval disk-like structures (0.23 x 0.32 microns in diameter) covered the lower surface of these superficial cells. The upper surface of cells in the 2nd layer was covered with baculiform or ramified microridges (type 2 or 3). On the cell boundary, two linear microridges (0.23-0.27 microns in width) were parallelly arranged. The width of the microridges covering the upper cell surface was 0.09-0.10 microns. Microvilli-like processes with a height of 0.32-0.37 microns were interspersed among the microridges. Their tip formed an oval plane (0.23 x 0.31 microns), which corresponded to the size of the disk-like structures on the lower surface of the superficial cells. Desmosomes were observed on the tip by TEM. These findings show that the disk-like structures on the lower surface of the superficial cells are the sites of binding with the microvilli-like processes on the upper surface of the 2nd layer cells. The disk-like structures observed in the present study seem to be equivalent to the binding site on the upper surface of the surface cell layer of mammalian stratified squamous epithelium.     

Quasi-optical integrated antenna and receiver front end

A quasioptical receiver front end applicable to both microwave and millimeter-wave receiver arrays is presented. Two planar microwave integrated circuit (MIC) quasioptical receiver circuit designs that integrate a coupled slot antenna, a Schottky-diode balanced mixer, and a local oscillator on the same substrate are described. The even-mode/odd-mode characteristics of the coupled slotlines are used to achieve intrinsic RF/LO and RF/IF isolation. To demonstrate circuit feasibility, X-band scaled models of the circuit unit using a Gunn-diode oscillator on an Epsilam-10 substrate, and MESFET local oscillator on a R/T Duroid substrate were built and tested. Results of these tests are included     

Comparison of single sample methods for determination of plasma clearance using 99mTc-MAG3

We compared relationship among three single blood sampling methods which have been proposed for determination of plasma clearance with 99mTc-MAG3. Russell's and Bubeck's algorithms were employed for 48 adults (average age: 53 years) and Bubeck's and Piepsz's algorithms were used in 9 children (average age: 5.8 years). Three methods showed very high correlation among them. However, Russell's and Piepsz's methods were about 1.4 times higher than Bubeck's method in calculating plasma clearance of 99mTc-MAG3. The present study indicates that three methods discussed here are useful for the determination of plasma clearance with 99mTc-MAG3. In addition, Bubeck's method may be preferable as a reference for single plasma sampling method because of common application to adults and children.     

Basic design of 70-MW-class superconducting generators

The application of superconductivity technology to electric power apparatus is very important from the viewpoint of energy saving. Especially, the superconducting generators using superconductors as the field windings have many merits compared with conventional generators. Super-GM has been researching and developing 70-MW-class model machines since FY 1988 for a scheduled period of eight years, aiming at a 200-MW-class superconducting generator. This paper describes the basic specifications and designs of 70-MW-class superconducting generators by Super-GM and also describes the propriety of these basic specifications and designs.     

Analysis of multiple indicator dilution curves for estimation of renal tubular transport parameters

A model is developed to estimate the renal tubular secretory parameters by the multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique. The model allows the calculation of influx (from plasma space to tubular cell), efflux (from tubular cell to plasma space) and sequestration (from tubular cell to luminal side) rate constants. A program using the MID-statistical analysis with least squares fitting (SALS) system for the estimation of these parameters is presented. A trapezoid rule and a non-linear least squares regression were used to carry out definite integrals of cubic spline function and least squares fitting, respectively. The system presented seems to be useful for the precise and rapid estimation of the tubular secretory rate constants.     

Quantum Statistics of Three-Dimensional Vortex Filament in Superfluid 4He

The quantum statistics of three-dimensional vortex filament in superfluid ⁴ He is investigated by the use of path integral techniques. The free energy evaluated in the saddle point approximation decreases abruptly at a certain critical value of the applied superflow velocity. This critical behavior is in quantitative agreement with the experimental result of vortex nucleation by a moving ion. The dissipation effects are also discussed within the damped harmonic oscillator approximation.     

Experiments of device failures in a spatial power-combining array

The performance of a spatial power-combining array with device failure is investigated. Experimental results show that the array still combines the power in the broadside direction when the DC open-circuit failure occurs. Analysis of measured radiation patterns indicated that the power radiated from the patch antenna attached to the failed device is much smaller than the power radiated from other patch antennas. The effects of the chip resistor and the RF impedance of failed device are discussed