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101.
102.
Numata M Nakamura N Koshikawa H Terashima Y 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(20):4389-4394
Chlorine isotope fractionation during reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) by anaerobic bacteria was investigated. The changes in the 37Cl/35Cl ratio observed during the one-step reaction (TCE to cDCE) can be explained by the regioselective elimination of chlorine accompanied by the Rayleigh fractionation. The fractionation factors (alpha) of the TCE dechlorination by three kinds of anaerobic cultures were approximately 0.994-0.995 at 30 degrees C. The enrichment of 37Cl in the organic chlorine during the two-step reaction (PCE to cDCE) can be explained by the random elimination of one chlorine atom in the PCE molecule followed by the regioselective elimination of one chlorine atom in the TCE molecule. The fractionation factors for the first step of the PCE dechlorination with three kinds of anaerobic cultures were estimated to be 0.987-0.991 at 30 degrees C using a mathematical model. Isotope fractionation during the first step would be the primary factor for the chlorine isotope fractionation during the PCE dechorination to cDCE. The developed models can be utilized to evaluate the fractionation factors of regioselective and multistep reactions. 相似文献
103.
Takeda K Ishiguro Y Tanaka R Maruyama J Kasamatsu T Okawa S Hori S 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2002,43(5):280-288
Ion-trap GC/MS/MS was evaluated for the multi-residue determination of pesticides in agricultural products. Matrices were extracted from samples (spinach, carrot, onion and brown rice) with acetone and submitted to gel permeation chromatography, followed by a clean-up step through a graphite carbon cartridge. Thirty-five pesticides were added to either matrix, and analyzed by GC/MS/MS. Detection limits of pesticides by GC/MS/MS was almost the same as those by GC/MS (SIM). Coefficients of variation of peak area in 5 measurements of each pesticide at 0.1 microgram/mL or 0.05 microgram/mL with or without matrices were mostly acceptable, though those of 20 pesticides out of 35 were higher than 10% at a concentration of 0.02 microgram/mL. It was indicated that matrix artifacts, which interfere with GC/MS-Scan analysis, could be eliminated in some cases by using GC/MS/MS. 相似文献
104.
Tatsunari Hamasaki Taichiro Morimune Hirotake Kajii Satoshi Minakata Ryoji Tsuruoka Toshiki Nagamachi Yutaka Ohmori 《Thin solid films》2009,518(2):548-550
The characteristics of organic photodetectors (OPDs) by solution process using one of the polyfluorene derivatives poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) and two fullerene derivatives [6-6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or N-Ts aziridinofullerene (TsAF) are investigated. F8T2:PCBM devices showed good rectifying characteristics in a dark state and photosensitive characteristics, and fast frequency responses. Weight ratio of 1:1 device showed larger photocurrent than 1:4 device and obtained over 50 MHz of cutoff frequency under reverse bias voltage of 10 V. This result suggests that F8T2:PCBM device can be applied to a photodetector for detecting several tens of megahertz optical signals under blue light irradiation. The polarity of J–V characteristics of F8T2:fullerene derivative device is strongly affected by charge injection and extraction between fullerene derivative and electrodes. 相似文献
105.
Tetsu Ando Hirokazu Ohsawa Tadahiro Ueno Hideki Kishi Yutaka Okamura Satoshi Hashimoto 《Journal of chemical ecology》1993,19(4):787-798
Although several sex pheromones of the family Geometridae have been characterized, investigations on Japanese species are limited. In order to obtain more information, screening using known sex pheromones and their analogs was carried out. The (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-triunsaturated and (Z,Z)-6,9-diunsaturated hydrocarbons with straight C19-C21 chains were synthesized by the Grignard coupling reaction as a key step starting from linolenic and linoleic acids, respectively. Oxidation of the homoconjugated trienes withm-chloroperoxybenzoic acid yielded a 111 mixture of three monoepoxy derivatives that could be separated by silica gel chromatography. The chemical structure of each positional isomer was confirmed using two-dimensional NMR techniques and MS measurements, which enabled characteristic fragment ions from the isomers to be identified. Field tests using lures incorporating only one of the above six hydrocarbons or nine epoxides were carried out in a forest in Tokyo. Consequently, attraction of male moths of 14 geometrid species in addition to four species in another family, the Noctuidae, was observed. It was concluded that hydrocarbons with a homoconjugated polyene system and the monoepoxy derivatives are important components of sex pheromones produced by Japanese lepidopterous insects, particularly the geometrid moths. 相似文献
106.
The single molecular orientation switching of the Tb@C82 endohedral metallofullerene has been studied by using low-temperature ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). An octanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was introduced between Tb@C82 and the Au111 substrate to control the thermal rotational states of Tb@C82. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of Tb@C82 on an octanethiol SAM at 13 K demonstrated hysteresis including negative differential conductance (NDC). This observed hysteresis and NDC is interpreted in terms of a switching of the Tb@C82 molecular orientation caused by the interaction between its electric dipole moment and an external electric field. 相似文献
107.
Makoto Sugiyama Yutaka FujimotoTakayuki Yanagida Yuui YokotaJan Pejchal Yuki FuruyaHidehiko Tanaka Akira Yoshikawa 《Optical Materials》2011,33(6):905-908
Nd 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% doped Lu3Al5O12 (Nd:LuAG) single crystals were grown in the nitrogen atmosphere by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The grown crystals had a single-phase confirmed by powder XRD analysis. In absorption spectra, some weak absorption lines due to Nd3+ 4f-4f transitions were observed and their intensity increased with the increase of Nd concentration. When excited by 241Am α-ray, a broad emission peak due to defects in the host lattice at 320 nm and some sharp lines due to Nd3+ 4f-4f transitions at wavelength longer than 400 nm were observed. The decay time profiles of Nd:LuAG under γ-ray excitation were well approximated by two exponential function of 340-760 ns and 3-5 μs for each sample. By pulse height measurement using 137Cs, Nd 0.5%:LuAG showed the highest light yield of 7600 ± 760 photons/MeV. 相似文献
108.
Yutaka Kagawa Yasuo Kogo Hiroshi Hatta 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(6):1092-1094
Thermal expansion behaviors of a Si3 N4 -whisker-reinforced sodaborosilicate glass matrix composite are studied. An abrupt increase of the coefficient of thermal expansion is observed and is attributed to formation of crystobalite in the sodaborosilicate glass matrix. This thermal expansion behavior is discussed with special reference to the phase transformation of the crystobalite. 相似文献
109.
Michio Yamada Konomi Tokutomi Ayaka Takehara Yusuke Sakai Yutaka Maeda Tadashi Hasegawa 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》2014,22(1-3):66-74
Tröger's base (TB, 1) and its analogues were synthesized and were subject to the titration experiments to evaluate their ability of supramolecular complexation with C60. Results demonstrate clearly that the fluorene-based TB analogue (2) and the bioctylfluorene-based TB analogue (3) show 1:1 binding with C60 to form the corresponding complexes while TB 1 does not. Titration experiments exhibited that the association constant (Kass) of 3/C60 (48.1 ± 7.9 M ?1) was larger than that of 2/C60 (13.7 ± 1.4 M ?1). The formation of the 1:1 binding complexes 2/C60 and 3/C60 was also confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Theoretical calculations suggest that 2 and 3 have appropriate cavities to embrace C60. These findings indicate that not only the π/π interaction between the fluorene moieties and the C60 surface but also the CH/π interaction between the octyl groups and the C60 surface serve efficiently in the supramolecular complexation with C60. 相似文献
110.
Keisuke Kobayashi Minoru Ryu Yutaka Doshida Youichi Mizuno Clive A. Randall 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(2):531-537
The (1?x)NaNbO3–(x)NaTaO3 solid solution was investigated for x ≤ 0.4 in terms of new high‐temperature and high‐permittivity dielectric system that is suitable for base metal inner electrode capacitor applications. The addition of Ta significantly enhanced the resistivity of the dielectric, resulting in superior resistivity than the dielectrics‐formulated BaTiO3 systems that dominate the multilayer ceramic capacitor dielectric devices. The voltage dependence of the permittivity was also superior to BaTiO3‐based materials, providing higher capacitance at higher temperatures. A transmission electron microscopy study illustrated that the grains had so‐called core‐shell structure. According to the electron diffraction analysis, the core region had an inhomogeneous structure between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases, and shell region had an incommensurate ferroelectric‐like structure. The core and shell region had Nb‐ and Ta‐rich composition, respectively, and their interface was compositionally sharp, implying that shell region was formed via a liquid phase during the sintering process with an incongruent Ta dissolution reprecipitation. We anticipate that these or similar materials based on the alkali‐niobate perovskites can be further enhanced to provide capacitor solutions from 150°C to 250°C, which is an important range for a number of new AC–DC invertor and engine control units. 相似文献