Zr替代Ti对Ti19．5V40Mn16．2Cr9．8Ni14．5合金的影响Ⅱ：电化学性能

在对合金微观结构和储氢性能研究的基础上，详细考察了少量Zr取代Ti对Ti19．5V40Mn16．2Cr9．8Ni14．5合金电化学性能的影响。通过观察电极的充放电行为，并结合EIS及多种极化曲线的分析结果，发现少量Zr对Ti的取代能够显著提高合金电极的实际电化学容量和循环稳定性，而且还能在一定程度上改善合金的电极动力学性能。对于这些性能的改善，从合金微观结构方面进行了解释。     

An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.     

热处理对Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-X系合金性能的影响

研究了热处理对3种Ti-Al-Sn-zr-Mo-Si-X（X为ⅤB，ⅥB族一种或几种元素）系合金（A、B、C）室温拉伸性能的影响，对优化合金的热处理制度及优选热处理制度下3种合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为也进行了探讨。结果表明，优选热处理制度下A、C合金的裂纹扩展速率差别不大，B合金560℃时效处理后，裂纹扩展速率比540℃时效处理的小。在相同热处理制度下，比较3种合金裂纹扩展速率的结果表明，IgΔK在1．2～1．5范围内B合金的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能较优。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铬矿中砷

铬矿中砷的测定方法对完善铬矿检测方法和质量评价手段有重要意义。在0.5 g样品中加入2 g过氧化钠,于650 ℃熔融20 min,熔融物经盐酸酸化溶解,以10%盐酸为载流,15 g/L硼氢化钾溶液为还原剂,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)进行测定,建立了铬矿中砷测定的新方法。实验表明,砷质量浓度在0.025～100 μg/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,相关系数为1.000 0,方法检出限为0.05 μg/g,定量限为0.17 μg/g。对产地为南非、土耳其、巴基斯坦等19个国家共2 649个铬矿样品的成分进行统计,发现铬矿主要成分为铬、铁、镁、铝和硅;干扰试验表明,这些样品中的共存元素均不干扰测定。按照实验方法对3个不同砷含量的铬矿样品进行精密度和加标回收试验,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为1.4%～6.0%,回收率为96%~109%。将实验方法应用于与铬矿基体近似的铁矿标准物质中砷的测定,测定值与认定值基本一致。     

深冷处理与工模具的耐磨性

热处理后的金属材料再经低落曙处理，其力学能明显提高，尤其是高碳高合金工模具钢的耐磨性提高特别显著。本文着重研究了应用面较广的Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２钢的处理工艺制度，组织性能及其磨损机理。     

液压伺服系统常用的干扰抑制方法

本文介绍了目前常见的抑制干扰的几种方法，分析了它们各自的特点和适用范围，为合理选择不同抑制干扰的方法提出了一些参考意见。     

热轧无缝钢管芯棒润滑剂

介绍了用于热轧无缝钢管芯棒的新型石墨润滑剂的高温润滑性能，润滑机组及工业使用情况。实践证明，新型石墨润滑剂完全满足热轧无缝钢管的工艺要求，并与进口产品性能相似，且具有操作简便、环境污染小等优点。     

Co-Ni-xNiFe2O4惰性阳极的电导率及耐腐蚀性能

采用冷等静压-烧结的方法制备了铝电解用Co-Ni-xNiFe2O4(x=5%,10%,15%,20%,质量分数,下同)金属基惰性阳极,并对试样的导电性和抗腐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明阳极试样的电导率随NiFe2O4含量的增加和温度的升高而降低,在900℃时惰性阳极47.5Co 47.5Ni 5.0NiFe2O4和42.5Co 42.5Ni 15.0NiFe2O4的电导率分别为550 S·cm-1和300 S·cm-1.SEM照片表明试样的抗腐蚀性随着NiFe2O4含量的增加而增强.由于氧化作用和铝热反应,电解极化腐蚀速率要比静态腐蚀速率大.     

Ability of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antenna for NDT of concrete structures

The research work presented in this paper aims at evaluating the potential of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antennas for the on site physical characterization of concrete. According to studies highlighting the ability of radar reflected waves to characterize concrete, the potential of the direct wave is studied by systematic comparison of direct and reflected wave attenuations. Among the various features of electromagnetic waves propagating through concrete, attenuation is the most sensitive to moisture and chloride contents. In order to study the sensitivity of the direct wave to the physical condition of the concrete, laboratory experiments were conducted on concrete slabs with various porosities, water contents and chloride contamination levels.The results of this study show very satisfactory correlations between attenuations of direct and reflected waves, indicating that both waves provide similar information regarding the physical state of concrete. This correlation was confirmed on two bridges by comparison of direct wave attenuation maps with reflection attenuation maps. Therefore, radar interpretation method based on the direct wave attenuation should be able to detect, in a very fast way, physical contrasts in concrete structures and, consequently, identify probable pathological areas.     

In situ technique for synthesizing multiple ceramic particulates reinforced titanium matrix composites (TiB + TiC + Y2O3)/Ti

In situ synthesized titanium matrix composites reinforced with multiple ceramic particulates including TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ were fabricated by non-consumable arc-melting technique utilizing the chemical reaction among Ti, B₂O₃, B₄C and Y. The thermodynamic feasibility of the in situ reactions has been considered. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases in the composites. Microstructures of the composites were observed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe. It is concluded that multiple reinforcements are synthesized and they show different shapes: TiB grows in needle shape; TiC grows in near-equiaxed and rod-like shapes; Y₂O₃ grows in near-equiaxed shapes when the content of Y is 0.6 wt.% and grows in dendritic shapes when the content of Y increases to 1.8 wt.%. Reinforcements TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ are distributed uniformly in the titanium matrix.