Preparation of magnetic glass-ceramics through glass crystallization in the Na2O-SrO-Fe2O3-B2O3 system

Glasses with the nominal compositions SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + nNa₂Sr₂B₄O₉ (n = 4, 6, 8, 10) and SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 6Na₂Sr₃B₄O₁₀ were prepared via rapid quenching of oxide melts and were then heat-treated between 500 and 800°C in order to produce glass-ceramics containing fine SrFe₁₂O₁₉ particles. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The crystallization behavior of the glasses was investigated. The coercivity of the glass-ceramics was shown to increase with heat-treatment temperature, up to 486 kA/m. By dissolving the nonmagnetic matrix of the glass-ceramics with the nominal compositions SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 6Na₂Sr₃B₄O₁₀ and SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 4Na₂Sr₂B₄O₉, submicron-sized strontium hexaferrite particles were obtained.     

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of SrO–Fe2O3–B2O3 Glass-Ceramics

Glasses with nominal compositions of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 8SrB₂O₄ (I) and SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 12Sr₂B₂O₅ (II) are prepared by rapid quenching from the liquid state and are converted to glass-ceramics containing fine magnetic particles of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ by heat treatment between 600 and 950°C. The materials are characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The phase transformations accompanying glass crystallization are identified. The glass composition and heat-treatment conditions are shown to influence the aspect ratio of the forming submicron-sized strontium hexaferrite particles. The strongest coercive fields reached in glass-ceramics I and II are 504 and 456 kA/m, respectively.     

Optical transmittance of thin GaAs wafers upon laser pumping in the region of exciton resonances and the continuum of states: Exciton-exciton interaction

The transmittance spectra of thin “pure” GaAs bulk wafers upon optical pumping corresponding to the band of the ground state of the exciton series are recorded at a temperature of T = 1.7 K. The wafers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and vapor-phase epitaxy. An increase in the line amplitude and width upon pumping is observed, with no noticeable changes in the spectral position of the line peak. The increase is similar to that observed upon pumping in the continuum of states, but occurs at a somewhat lower rate. Estimation of the concentration of excitons created by pumping provides a means for determining the exciton-exciton interaction constant and comparing the result with known data. The integrated absorption method makes it possible to refine the exciton polariton-free charge carrier and exciton polariton-impurity interaction constants. The differential photoabsorption of the samples at the pumping modulation frequency is measured. The resultant modulated absorption spectra demonstrate the connection between induced absorption and the formation of differential spectra.     

Formation of nickel clusters for the growth of carbon nanotubes

The growth of vertically oriented carbon nanotubes on nickel clusters formed by nanoimprint lithography is studied. It is shown that the nanotubes only grow at those places where the catalyst clusters are situated and the diameter of the nanotubes exactly corresponds to the dimensions of the nickel islands.     

A multichannel spectrometer for detecting γ rays in a wide range of time intervals during pulse neutron irradiation

A versatile spectrometer has been developed for measuring the nuclear radiation spectrum in discrete time intervals. The design and operating principle of the spectrometer are described. Since the main logical part is based on a field programmable gate array, time intervals may be tuned in a wide range without changing the spectrometer hardware. The test experiments have demonstrated the spectrometer applicability for measuring the amplitude and timing parameters of the γ response when an analyzed sample is irradiated with a pulsed neutron flux. This device can be used to solve many problems of nondestructive testing, e.g., spectrometric neutron logging, detection of explosives, identification and characterization of fissile materials.     

Structure of reciprocal lattice sites of a single-crystal Ni-based superalloy

Volume fractions of the ?? phase are calculated in the form of various geometrical figures depending on the ratio of the volume fraction of the ?? and ?á? phases. The ?? phase in the form of plates prevails at a 70% content of the ?á? phase, which is the most characteristic of the VZhM4 alloy after the complete heat treatment. The qualitative analysis is carried out for the arrangement of satellites in the reciprocal space of the VZhM4 single-crystal Ni-based superalloy. The lattice of the reciprocal space with the satellites caused by the stress state of ?? phase interlayers is constructed in the form of various geometrical figures. The set of experimental sections of the 3D structure of (222), (313), and (202) reciprocal lattice sites is obtained.     

The radiation-induced galvanic effect at a metal–dielectric interface

The effect observed upon interaction between the electromagnetic radiation with quantum energy of 25–1000 eV and a dielectric with metal coating is investigated. The radiation source was a megampere Z-pinch. Measurements performed on optical glass samples showed that radiation with a power of ~10⁶ W/cm² in the electric circuit switching on the metalized dielectric induces the current. It is shown that the observed galvanic effect originates from the generation of hot electrons in the dielectric.     

Fluorescence Quenching of Cyanine Dyes Adsorbed onto the Surface of Colloid Semiconductors

The kinetics of interfacial energy transfer have been studied with colloidal TiO₂ and AgBr particles, which form transparent aqueous dispersions. The fluorescence spectra and decay for both systems have been determined and discussed. The quenching of fluorescence emission of a sensitizing dye by a supersensitizer has been observed. The super-sensitizer shortens the fluorescence lifetime of the supersensitizing system, which has been determined by nanosecond time-resolved fluo-rescence spectroscopy. It is concluded that the Dye-Dye interaction plays an important role in the photographic process. Some rigidized cyanine dyes nave also been studied.