铜基/钯基催化剂甲醇裂解气发动机性能

以一台点火式电控发动机为原型机,在其排气管上串接一甲醇裂解器,利用废气余热裂解甲醇制取裂解气,然后作为发动机燃料.在改造后的发动机上,分别进行了铜基和钯基催化剂作用下甲醇裂解为裂解气的应用性能研究.结果表明,铜基或钯基催化剂裂解气发动机动力性能够达到原机95％以上,裂解气发动机当量燃料消耗率较之汽油机下降了24％左右,在仅用前级催化转化器时发动机碳氢(HC)排放和一氧化碳(CO)排放仅为原机的10％左右,氮氧化物(NOx)排放为原机的20％左右.与铜基催化剂相比,钯基催化剂裂解气发动机性能更好,而且其催化裂解效率、可靠性、催化剂附着性等方面均优于前者.     

电子束辐射接枝对PAN基碳纤维的表面改性

采用电子束加速器辐射接枝方法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,研究了接枝单体种类对接枝率及其环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了辐射接枝前后PAN基碳纤维的表面形貌与化学结构以及其复合材料界面断口的形貌变化。结果表明:电子束辐射接枝改性的PAN基碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,表面活性官能团增多,与树脂的机械锲合作用增强,其树脂基复合材料断口表而较为平整;乙二胺/水溶液体系是辐射接枝改性的理想溶液,在200 kGy的电子束辐射下,PAN基碳纤维表面的接枝率为6.66%,复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了45.1%。     

Synthesis of stable and soluble one-handed helical poly(substituted acetylene)s without chiral pendant groups via polymer reaction in membrane state

A soluble and stable one-handed helical conjugated polymer without the coexistence of any other chiral moieties was successfully synthesized by asymmetric-induced polymerization of a chiral monomer having two hydroxyl groups followed by desubstitution of the chiral groups in a solid membrane state. The reason for the success was the polymer reaction was carried out in the membrane state. This is an alternative method to obtain such a unique chiral polymer which was obtained only by the helix-sense-selective polymerization (HSSP) we reported before. In addition the efficiency of the chiral induction was higher than that of the HSSP. It is interesting that the “Membrane state” acted like as if a protecting group.     

A visco-elastoplastic constitutive model for large deformation response of polycarbonate over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures

The principal purpose in this paper is to present a combined experimental and analytical study to understand the mechanical behavior of polycarbonate (PC) under a wide range of temperatures (−40 °C to 100 °C) and strain rates (0.001 up to 5000 s⁻¹). Firstly, the experiments were conducted to obtain stress-strain response from low to high rates and temperatures. Then a robust physically consistent rate and temperature-dependent constitutive model is proposed to characterize large deformation mechanical behavior of PC. According to viscoelastic theory, a nonlinear-viscoelastic model is employed to understand the elastic response. Yielding behavior is described via cooperative model. As respect to post-yield regime, it is described by the conflict and interaction between softening and hardening behavior based on the integral-form softening and kinematic hardening model. The proposed constitutive model is successfully validated by the excellent agreement between model prediction and experiment results.     

柠檬酸复合改性对多环芳烃选择性开环铂/Beta催化剂性能的影响

通过水热处理、柠檬酸处理及其复合处理对Beta分子筛进行后改性,并以改性后的载体制得铂/Beta催化剂。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、红外吡啶吸附（Py-IR）、骨架铝核磁共振技术（²⁷Al MAS NMR）及骨架硅核磁共振技术（²⁹Si MAS NMR）等表征了改性前后Beta分子筛的物化性质,并考察了改性前后铂/Beta的多环芳烃选择性开环性能。结果表明,Beta分子筛在柠檬酸处理过程中可同时发生络合脱铝与骨架补铝,实现骨架铝的再分布;Beta分子筛在水热处理过程中优先脱除稳定性相对较低的Si（2 Al）处骨架铝,产生骨架缺陷的同时生成一定比例的二次介孔结构;水热-柠檬酸复合处理影响Beta分子筛骨架补铝及骨架铝再分布的效果,水热处理后Beta分子筛中存在更多的骨架缺陷,促进活性Al（OH）₂⁺物种的骨架补铝作用。当Beta分子筛采用水热-柠檬酸复合处理顺序时,骨架补铝及骨架铝再分布效果显著,样品以中强酸为主,且具有较高的B酸量与L酸量的比值,所制备催化剂的多环芳烃选择性开环活性及稳定性最优。     

用铁基烧结助剂制备金刚石聚晶的研究

通过高温高压下金刚石再生长烧结方法，采用细粒度金刚石微粉作原料，铁基金属微粉作烧结助剂，在六面顶超高压设备上进行了金刚石聚晶的制备。研究了铁基金属和金刚石微粉体系再生长烧结的温度压力条件，并通过高倍光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X—ray衍射、Raman光谱等测试手段对金刚石聚晶样品进行了内部成分和微观形貌分析。研究结果表明，在5．8GPa，1550℃条件下制备的PCD材料内部比较均匀致密。X—ray衍射和Raman光谱测试结果表明，在更高的温度条件下制备的样品内部有少量的石墨化。另外，样品内部还有部分碳化铁的存在。因此，我们认为，用Fe基烧结助剂制备的PCD材料内部除存在金刚石的自成键外，还有金刚石与金刚石之间通过铁碳键把金刚石烧结在一起的一种机制。     

烧结金属多孔材料力学性能的研究进展

本文概述了烧结金属多孔材料在功能应用和基础结构理论两方面力学性能的研究进展.其中功能应用的研究包括在吸能材料、生物材料、过滤材料3个领域中如何解决在各自功能应用中的力学问题:基础结构理论的研究包括密度、孔隙率、孔结构等对弹性模量、屈服强度、疲劳极限的影响.     

Failure Analysis of a Sheet Metal Blanking Process Based on Damage Coupling Model

In this paper, a blanking process of sheet metal is studied by the methods of numerical simulation and experimental observation. The effects of varying technological parameters related to the quality of products are investigated. An elastoplastic constitutive equation accounting for isotropic ductile damage is implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS with a user-defined material subroutine UMAT. The simulations of the damage evolution and ductile fracture in a sheet metal blanking process have been carried out by the FEM. In order to guarantee computation accuracy and avoid numerical divergence during large plastic deformation, a specified remeshing technique is successively applied when severe element distortion occurs. In the simulation, the evolutions of damage at different stage of the blanking process have been evaluated and the distributions of damage obtained from simulation are in proper agreement with the experimental results.     

7050高强铝合金铆钉丝材T73双级时效工艺

针对国产7050高强铝合金铆钉丝材,采用室温拉伸、室温剪切、镦粗试验的方法,研究了经177～182℃不同二级时效时间后7050铝合金丝材的性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)观察合金不同时效工艺下断口组织和析出相形貌特征。结果表明,拉伸强度和剪切强度随二级时效温度的升高、二级时效时间的延长逐渐降低,剪切强度低于330 MPa时镦粗试样不开裂。TEM微观组织显示,随二级时效温度的升高、时间的延长析出相形貌变化不大,但析出相的尺寸随时效温度的升高逐渐长大、间距逐渐增大;拉伸断口形貌显示,二级时效的断裂方式均为韧窝断裂和沿晶断裂的混合断裂模式,随二级时效温度的升高和保温时间的延长,断口中韧窝数量逐渐增加且尺寸变大,沿晶断裂逐渐减少。