气—固多相同轴射流的数值模拟和试验

本文提出了一个新的气-固多相湍流运动的模型(脉动频谱随机颗粒轨道模型),它计及了湍流涡团对颗粒扩散作用,并通过体平均方法求出颗粒的速度场和浓度场。同时建立了气-固多相射流试验台,采用激光衍射仪、高速变色频闪摄影法等对气-固多相同轴射流进行了实验研究。实验和上述模型模拟的结果吻合较好。     

聚丙烯/玻璃纤维的界面改性研究(Ⅱ)聚丙烯-马来酸酐接枝共聚物的界面改性研究

研制高性能的玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的关键是提高非极性的聚丙烯和极性的玻璃纤维的界面粘结强度。本文首次明确提出接枝率、熔融指数、结晶温度是影响聚丙烯 -马来酸酐接枝共聚物作为界面剂使用的关键因素 ,当接枝共聚物的接枝率高、熔融指数大、结晶温度与聚丙烯基体接近时 ,接枝共聚物有较好的界面改性效果 ,可以使用较少量的接枝共聚物使复合材料的力学性能得到最大程度的改善。     

An investigation on the rheological and sulfur-retention characteristics of desulfurizing coal water slurry with calcium-based additives

Desulphurizing coal water slurry is a kind of new clean coal water slurry(CWS), which has good performance on SO₂ emission during combustion and gasification process. But, the addition of sulfur-retention agents have some effects on the stability and fluid characters of the coal water slurry. In this paper, the viscosity, stability and rheology of Xinwen coal water slurry have been studied by adding different kinds of calcium-based sulfur-retention agents and different dosage. The results show that the sulfur-retention agents have little effect on rheological nature of CWS, which still presents pseudoplastic fluid. The addition of sulfur-retention agents will increase the viscosity of CWS, but the stability will decrease a little. The results also show that inorganic calcium has less negative effect on the performance of CWS than the organic calcium. The viscosity of the CWS with organic calcium agent keeps 1000–1200 mPa s when Ca/S molar ratio is 2. Sulfur release of the CWS with CaCO₃ reduces to 52% at Ca/S = 2 compared to original of 98%.     

CMAS对热障涂层界面裂纹和残余应力的影响

随着航空发动机涡轮叶片工作温度的提升,使得一种主要由CaO,MgO,Al₂O₃和SiO₂组成的玻璃态物质(CMAS)对热障涂层的危害越来越严重,从而对热障涂层的性能和耐久性有了更高的要求。本文以电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层为研究对象,利用有限元方法研究了CMAS的渗入对界面裂纹扩展及CMAS对陶瓷层(TC)内部残余应力的影响规律。采用波长固定、振幅变化的正弦曲线表示不同粗糙度的涂层界面,同时考虑了CMAS的弹性模量变化的影响及不同界面形貌与CMAS之间的相互作用。结果表明：CMAS弹性模量的增加对界面裂纹具有抑制作用,并且TGO幅值和厚度越小,抑制作用越明显。CMAS弹性模量对TC层最大残余应力S₂₂的影响存在临界点,在临界点之前,CMAS弹性模量的变化对TC层最大残余应力的影响较大,随着CMAS弹性模量的增加,TC层最大残余应力大幅度减小;在临界点之后,TC层最大残余应力基本不受CMAS弹性模量变化的影响。这些结果对电子束物理气相沉积喷涂的热障涂层失效机理的研究具有重要意义,可以为热障涂层界面的优化提供指导。     

一种内置式弹簧顶尖与端面定位弹性卡头液压夹紧卡盘

介绍一种结构紧凑的内置式弹簧顶尖与端面定位弹性卡头液压夹紧卡盘,可以增加机床加工工件的长度,进行精确的轴向和径向定位,夹紧力稳定、可靠,并用实例说明了卡盘的应用效果。     

环保膨胀型阻燃PP母料的研制

以三聚氰胺聚磷酸(MPP)/季戊四醇(PT)为复配阻燃剂,氧化锌为催化协效剂,聚乙烯蜡为分散剂,并添加一定量载体树脂,制备了环保膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯(PP)母料,运用氧指数法、UL94垂直燃烧法、热失重分析法和扫描电子显微镜研究了阻燃PP母料的阻燃性能。结果表明:当MPP∶PT=2∶1且MPP与PT占母料总量的72%时,将该类母料添加到PP中制得的复合材料的综合性能最好;阻燃PP母料的最佳载体树脂为PP/PP-g-MAH(1/1),将25%PP/PP-g-MAH基阻燃PP母料添加到PP中,复合材料的阻燃等级可达到UL94V—0级。     

Catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid over sulfate catalysts

The production of acrylates from biomass‐originated lactic acid is of extraordinary importance to overcome the increasing worldwide shortage of petroleum. In this work, the catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid was carried out over calcium sulfate catalyst with cupric sulfate and phosphates as promoters. The mass ratio of m(CaSO₄)/m(CuSO₄)/m(Na₂HPO₄)/m(KH₂PO₄) is 150.0:13.8:2.5:1.2. In the dehydration of lactic acid, effects of carrier gas, calcination temperature for catalyst, concentration of lactic acid as well as contact time are discussed in detail. With carbon dioxide as carrier gas, the highest acrylic acid yield of 63.7% is achieved from 26 wt.% lactic acid at 330°C and 88 s contact time.     

绿色木霉合成几丁质酶条件的研究

绿色木霉ＺＵ０１１在以０．５％几丁质为唯一碳源的培养基中几丁质酶活达到０．１２４ＩＵ／ｍＬ。几丁质酶合成的最佳碳源和诱导物为几丁质。在一定范围内啬２基中几丁质浓度,葡萄糖浓度,微量元素盐浓度和碳氮比都能提高几丁质酶活。胆汁酸和吐温８０作为表面活性剂能显著提高几丁质酶活。     

On a eulerian and lagrangian combined model in dense particle-laden riser flow

A new numerical model using both Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates, and taking account of interparticle interactions, has been developed for the study of hydrodynamic aspects of dense particle-laden rise flows. A stochastic particle dispersion model has been incorporated in the original model to describe the gas particle turbulent flows. In addition, the collisional interaction between the particles has been modeled using the kinetic theory of granular flows based on the Chapman-Enskog theory of dense gases. A comparison with the experimental results of Miller and Gidspow (1992) shows reasonably good agreement. The present model may provide a useful approach for predicting the complex hydrodynamic behaviour of fluidized bed systems.