Effect of hollow glass beads on density and mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites

In this work, low density hollow glass beads (HGB)/silicon rubber (SR) composites were prepared by solution method and flocculation process. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile test, and friction test. The results show that the densities of SR composites decrease from 1.140 to 0.792 g/cm³ with the addition of HGB. By comparing theoretical density with true density, it can be estimated that the ratio of shattered HGB increase from 8.79% to 24.76%. Especially, the mechanical properties of SR composites were improved by surface modification of HGB. By adding surface-modified HGB at 5 and 10 wt%, the tensile strengths of SR composites were enhanced by 17.8% and 28.2%, respectively. In addition, tear strength, shore A hardness, compression set, and friction property were significantly ameliorated. Furthermore, the mechanism of surface-modified HGB in mechanical properties was analyzed.     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Sustainability-guided life-cycle design and assessment for bio-based composite foams: Integrate flame retardancy/lightweight in usage and energy utilization after service

Sustainable development strategy has aroused a great interest in biomass resources as alternative raw materials. A kind of biomass-derived poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), has been developed as porous foams to reduce resource exhaustion and meet lightweight demands. For fire-safety in-service, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to combine flame-retardant elements and heat-barrier function. Hence, a very low loading level of P-containing GO as only 5 wt% could reduce peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PBS-based foams by 58.5% and 22.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, N-/P-doped mesoporous char with a specific surface area of 136 m²/g, which derived from combustion of flame-retardant foaming PBS, contributes to a potential of energy storage applications in the capacitor or the anode of Li-ion battery with long-term stability. Overall, the sustainability of bio-based polyester could integrate lightweight of foaming, and be extended to utilization after use via facile combustion inspired by flame-retardancy design.     

Enhanced wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by modified-graphite oxide

A simple and feasible method to enhance the wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers was reported. The graphite oxide (GO) prepared using improved Hummer's method was surface modified with hexadecylamine to improve its compatibility with UHMWPE. Combined with well-dispersion of modified-GO (m-GO) in dichloromethane and the fact that the viscosity of UHMWPE suspension can be decreased by dichloromethane, the well dispersed m-GO/dichloromethane was added into UHMWPE suspension to improve m-GO dispersion in UHMWPE fibers. Finally, UHMWPE fibers with different m-GO concentration were prepared using gel spinning technology. The effect of m-GO concentration on the structure and properties of modified UHMWPE fibers were investigated. The results indicated that the melting temperature and crystallinity of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers increased with increasing of m-GO concentration, while the fiber's crystal sizes and orientation increased, thus the tensile strength of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers remained almost undamaged. The introduction of m-GO is beneficial to the formation of smooth transfer film on fiber's surface, which enhanced the self-lubrication of UHMWPE fibers. Compared with pure UHMWPE fiber, the UHMWPE fiber containing 1.5 wt% m-GO had enhanced wear resistance by 55.4% and still maintained high tensile strength of 29.98 cN dtex⁻¹.     

考虑供水系统深度响应的微网经济调度策略

高风电渗透率微网(microgrid,MG)存在实时功率平衡和经济运行难的问题。为此,该文提出一种考虑供水系统(water supply system,WSS)深度响应的MG经济调度策略。首先,将WSS主动解列成多个独立运行的子系统,降低系统关联约束,提高调节灵活性。进而,建立水压的波动性约束,提出WSS需求侧响应模型。在此基础上,充分考虑外电网调峰、调频等需求,提出一种新型的MG经济调度策略。最后,引入近似线性化的方法,将非线性模型转化为经典的混合整数线性规划(mixed-integerlinearprogramming,MILP)问题,提高求解速度。基于15节点的WSS和典型MG的仿真结果表明,WSS深度响应能够显著改善MG运行经济性。该文研究成果为MG可再生能源消纳问题的解决提供了一个崭新的视角。     

环面槽球笼式同步万向联轴器共轭曲面原理

采用共轭曲面原理对应用广泛的环面槽球笼同步万向联轴器,进行了分析;建立了球笼万向轴器实现同步运动时,各接触面的运动关系、曲面方程以及共轭运动关系,推导出了球笼万向联轴器瞬时同步的必要充分条件为两对啮合付的偏心值ε1T=ε1的结论.     

钢种、轨型及生产工艺对钢轨矫后残余应力的影响

研究了不同钢种（U74、U71Mn、BnbRE）、不同轨型（50kg/m、60kg/m、75kg/m）及在不同生产工艺下，钢轨矫后残余应力值的变化。结果表明，不同钢种生产的同轨型钢轨，矫后钢轨轨底中心部位残余应力值随着钢轨强度级别的增加而增加，同钢种、不同轨型的钢轨矫后轨底中心残余应值随着钢轨单位长度质量的增加而增加，同钢种、同轨型的钢轨随着矫直力的增加，钢轨矫后轨底中心残余应力值也增加。而钢轨终轧温度的高低，矫前原始弯曲度的大小（Y轴方向）在现有生产工艺条件下，对钢轨矫后轨底中心残余应力值无明显影响。     

全桥式逆变电路抗单向偏磁自动调节保护电路

本文提出了全桥式逆变电路抗单向偏磁自动调节保护电路。该电路通过提取变压器承受的双向电压信号和工作磁通信号以及实时进行闭环反馈控制,保证了全桥式逆变焊接电源的变压器正反向工作磁通相等,从而解决了全桥电路的不平衡问题。     

碘化钛的电子束熔炼提纯效果分析

通过对碘化钛电子束熔炼提纯效果分析，提出合理、经济的高纯钛制取工艺路线。     

绿色设计理论方法在静电涂油机中的应用

本文先简要的介绍了绿色设计的概念和特点，然后综述了绿色设计的内容和方法，在分析了绿色设计方法在静电涂油机中的运用后，指出绿色设计是机械制造行业发展的必然趋势。