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31.
The texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation was investigated in this study. Five colour centers were selected and textured colour pairs were generated using scanned textile woven fabrics and colour‐mapping technique. The textured and solid colour pairs were then displayed on a characterized cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor for colour difference evaluation. The colour difference values for the pairs with texture patterns are equal to 5.0 CIELAB units in lightness direction. The texture level was represented by the half‐width of histogram, which is called texture strength in this study. High correlation was found between texture strength and visual colour difference for textured colour pairs, which indicates that an increasing of 10 units of texture strength in luminance would cause a decreasing of 0.25 units visual difference for the five colour centers. The ratio of visual difference between textured and solid colour pairs also indicates a high parametric effect of texture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 341–347, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col. 相似文献
32.
This article presents a detailed investigation on the influence of the phosphorus element upon the laser sintering of a multicomponent
Cu-based metal powder system consisting of Cu, Cu-10Sn, and Cu-8.4P. Powder systems containing 0, 10, 15, and 20 wt pct CuP
were sintered in atmosphere at room temperature using the following optimal processing parameters: laser power of 350 W, scan
speed of 0.04 m/s, scan line spacing of 0.15 mm, and layer thickness of 0.25 mm. It was found that the relative density of
the sintered sample with 15 wt pct CuP increased by 24,4 pct as compared with the sample without phosphorus addition. A further
increase in the CuP content (≥20 wt pct), however, resulted in a poor densification with a serious delamination. The exact
metallurgical roles of the phosphorus element in the laser sintering process were addressed as follows. First, the phosphorus
could prevent the sintering system from oxidation by forming CuPO3, thereby improving the wetting characteristics and the sintering kinetics. Second, the phosphorus could decrease the surface
tension of molten materials, leading to a successive transition from highly discontinuous sintered tracks to fairly coherent
ones with increasing the phosphorus content. Third, the phosphorus could lower the melt viscosity, thereby improving the microstructural
homogeneity of the laser-sintered samples. 相似文献
33.
单壁碳纳米管的制备及生长特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Fe/MgO作为催化剂 ,催化裂解CH4制备了较纯的单壁碳纳米管 ,用TEM和Raman对碳纳米管进行了表征 ,对不同生长温度下制备的碳纳米管Raman径向呼吸振动峰 (RBM)进行了分析 ,研究了生长温度对单壁碳纳米管生长特性和结构特性的影响 相似文献
34.
城市化进程中的小城镇交通初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对小城镇城市结构、路网结构、交通结构和交通管理特征进行详细分析,得出小城镇交通问题症结所在,并初步提出小城镇交通规划和交通治理的对策。 相似文献
35.
36.
It is well established that the indentation hardness of metallic alloys shows a reasonable correlation with their yield strength or ultimate strength. Experiments illustrate that such a unique correlation is nonexistent for discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites, even when the indentation size is much greater than the reinforcement size. For aluminum alloys reinforced with silicon carbide particles, the same composite yield strength and tensile strength with different reinforcement fractions do not lead to similar hardness, or vice versa. Finite element analyses are carried out to rationalize the experimental findings. The modeling utilizes a two-dimensional plane-strain formulation. Discrete particles are included in the material model, and the overall stress-strain response and the indentation response are numerically simulated. The results confirm the lack of unique correspondence between the composite hardness and strength. The alteration of local heterogeneity in the composite is found to affect the indentation response. Effects of the geometrical arrangement of particles and thermal residual stresses on the indentation response are also investigated numerically. 相似文献
37.
Lin-Ping Shen Wei-Ping Huang Shui-Sheng Jian 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2003,21(7):1644-1651
A general procedure for design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with desirable dispersion properties is presented. The design model is based on the combination of a rigorous vector mode solver and a scaling transformation for the dispersion properties of the PCFs. In comparison with the conventional design method, the new design procedure is more efficient and can be readily automated for the purpose of design optimization. Several applications of the design procedure, e.g., the design optimization for dispersion shifted fibers, dispersion flattened fibers, and dispersion compensation fibers, are demonstrated and discussed. 相似文献
38.
自振空化射流提高钻井速度的实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
空化射流用于提高钻井速度的可行性研究结果表明,在钻进作业中,利用空泡破裂产生强大破坏作用来提高钻探的效率,其效果显著,可行性高。室内实验表明,自振空化射流在比普通喷嘴射流更深的井底或更高的围压条件下,有更大的起始空化数和更强的空化能力。自振空化喷嘴起始空化数大都在1.0以上,最高达到1.67,而锥形喷嘴最高仅为0.43,围压下其冲蚀效率是锥形喷嘴的1~2倍。现场试验同样证实设计的自振空化射流喷嘴在保护钻头、减少钻头磨损及增加进尺、提高机械钻速方面有显著作用。 相似文献
39.
浅析包装中色彩运用的文化原则 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从某种程度上讲,包装是对产品的一种定位和阐释。心理学有关研究表明,人的视觉器官,在观察物体时,最初的20秒内色彩感觉占80%,而形体感觉占20%:两分钟后色彩占60%,形体占40%;5分钟后各占一半,并且这种状态将继续保持。可见,包装给人的印象多么迅速、深刻、持久。国外学者曾有过一项研究,发现由广告媒体招徕的顾客中,有33%的人在销售现场会选择包装吸引人的品牌,包装重要性不言而喻。可以说,包装的素材、形式和色彩等因素综合在一起,将产品引伸至一个深层的文化氛围。 相似文献
40.
Yantao Shen E. Winder Ning Xi C.A. Pomeroy U.C. Wejinya 《Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on》2006,11(4):420-427
This paper presents a closed-loop optimally controlled force-sensing technology with applications in both micromanipulation and microassembly. The microforce-sensing technology in this paper is based on a cantilevered composite beam structure with embedded piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) actuating and sensing layers. In this type of sensor, the application of an external load causes deformation within the PVDF sensing layer. This generates a signal that is fed through a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal servoed controller to the PVDF actuating layer. This in turn generates a balancing force to counteract the externally applied load. As a result, a closed feedback loop is formed, which causes the tip of this highly sensitive sensor to remain in its equilibrium position, even in the presence of dynamically applied external loads. The sensor's stiffness is virtually improved as a result of the equilibrium position whenever the control loop is active, thereby enabling accurate motion control of the sensor tip for fine micromanipulation and microassembly. Furthermore, the applied force can be determined in real time through measurement of the balance force. 相似文献