有铅与无毒金红粉彩颜料性能之比较

采用SEM、EDS及色度、光泽度测定等分析方法对有铅和无毒金红粉彩颜料的性能进行了比较。结果表明:无毒金红颜料彩烤后与釉层结合良好不开裂,光泽度与外观呈色基本能达到含铅金红粉彩颜料的效果,可以应用于实际生产。     

Branched and curved nanotubular polyaniline synthesized by emulsion polymerization in presence of zinc salts of n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid

The presence of zinc salts of DBSA (n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), designated as Zn(DBSA)₂, induced some branches and curvature of the resultant polyaniline nanotubes. These branched or curved nanotubes can be clearly seen from their SEM and TEM micrographs taken for various polyaniline nanotubes prepared in the presence of Zn(DBSA)₂. For branched or curved polyaniline nanotubes, the conjugation chain length can be monitored by the position of their λ_maxs in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra.     

金属离子印迹改性壳聚糖对水中Ni2+的去除研究

利用金属Ni2+印迹法,通过交联和胺化反应自制Ni2+印迹改性壳聚糖吸附剂小球(P-C-CTS(Ni)),通过比较中间产品的含水率、吸附容量及FT-IR谱,分析壳聚糖在改性过程中的反应机理,验证吸附剂P-C-CTS( Ni)合成路线的正确性,并证明交联前对壳聚糖分子中的活性氨基进行保护的必要性.低浓度Ni2+(CNi=0.852 mmol·L-1)条件,考察不同酸度下吸附容量的变化和酸度对水中低浓度Ni2+去除率的影响规律.结果表明,酸度对P-C-CTS(Ni)去除重金属Ni2+效率的影响显著,酸度对Ni2+去除率的影响规律与对吸附容量的影响基本一致,并对吸附机理进行深入分析.P-C-CTS(Ni)在经过“吸附-脱附-再生”8次循环,颜色与外观等基本不变,重复使用性能稳定.     

淡化水作为城市供水时的水质问题与对策

随着海水淡化技术日益成熟,工程规模也越来越大,淡化水在解决淡水资源短缺的今天发挥着巨大作用,淡化水将大规模地应用到市政给水.从淡化水的安全性和对管网的影响,阐述了淡化水的特殊性,并根据其特点提出了达到常饮水标准,提高水质化学稳定性,减轻对管道的腐蚀,稳定水力条件,减轻“黄水”现象出现的工程措施.     

Studies on quick functionalization of polyethylene through ultraviolet irradiation and its composites

The oxygen-containing groups such as C–O, C=O, and C(=O)O were quickly introduced onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE) chains through ultraviolet irradiation in ozone atmosphere, and the functionalized HDPE was prepared. The content of the C–O, C=O, and C(=O)O groups increased with increasing the irradiation time. There was no gel in the functionalized HDPE. Compared with that of HDPE, the crystal form, cell parameters, and face space of the functionalized HDPE did not change, and its melting temperature and thermal stability decreased, while the crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and melt index increased. The functionalized HDPE/Sericite–Tridymite–Cristobalite (STC) (60/40) composite was prepared by melting blend. Compared with that of the HDPE/STC composite, the interfacial interaction and the dispersion of the STC particles in the functionalized HDPE/STC composite were improved markedly. With increasing the irradiation time, the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the functionalized HDPE/STC composite increased, while its melt index decreased.     

Synthesis and properties of cationic polyurethane-fluorinated acrylic hybrid latexes by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and the solvent-free method

A series of cationic polyurethane-fluorinated acrylic hybrid latex (PUFA) have been synthesized by solvent-free method. In the method, vinyl monomers acted as dilution agent and the polyurethane (PU) having quaternary ammonium groups acted as macromolecular emulsifier without using any other solvent and surfactant. The structure and properties of PUFA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), F¹⁹ nuclear magnetic resonance (F¹⁹ NMR), particle size distribution (PSD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), contact angle (CA), surface free energy analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The FT-IR, F¹⁹ NMR, and EDS confirmed that the FA monomer had been introduced into the chain of the PUFA hybrid polymer. The PSD analysis indicated the particles of PUFA were smaller than corresponding pure PU dispersion and narrower in particle size distribution. The CA and surface free energy analysis proved the PUFA hybrid latex film with fluorine possessed higher contact angle and lower surface free energy in contrast with the film without fluorine. The FPUA films exhibited good surface property which could be enhanced at higher annealing temperature. The EDS of PUFA confirmed the fluorine enrichment on the surface of PUFA. TG analysis suggested the PUFA hybrid latex film had a better thermal stability than pure PU.     

蜡石粒度组成对铁水包用ASC材料性能的影响

在铁水包用常规Al2O3-SiC-C砖的配料组成中引入不同粒度组成的蜡石,研究了蜡石粒度组成对Al2O3-SiC-C材料加热永久线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、抗氧化性和抗渣性的影响。结果表明:随着处理温度的升高,各试样的显气孔率先增大后减小,体积密度减小;随着所添加蜡石粒度的减小,试样在1 000和1 400℃埋炭热处理后的永久线变化率减小,常温耐压强度增大,1 400℃时的抗氧化性增强,但1 500℃时的抗侵蚀性降低。     

矩形微通道内气体-互溶混合液体两相流流型的实验研究

在包含了“十”字形和“T”形结构的微通道系统内,以氮气、丙酮(或乙醇)及质量分率0.5％农面活性剂poloxamer 188的水溶液为实验介质,在气相表观速度为0.004～2.191 m/s,水溶液表观速度为0.056～0.281 m/s,溶剂(丙酮或乙醇)表观速度为0.017～0.086 m/s时,利用可视化观察与压...     

工业冷却系统近零排放水处理技术的开发和应用

介绍了工业冷却系统节水及废水近零排放水处理技术及复合药剂TS-50921的研制、实验评定和现场应用,在高硬度高含盐量循环水中,钙硬度达到1 000 mg/L、电导率达到4 000 μS/cm的条件下,可保证腐蚀速率和沉积速率符合国标的要求,对循环水高度浓缩后产生的浊度和铁胶体分散性能优异,可以显著降低新鲜水补用量、减少...     

复合混凝剂RX处理合成洗涤剂生产废水的研究

以硫酸亚铁、硫酸铝、硫酸镁、氯化钙、氢氧化钙、活性炭粉末和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)等为原料合成了一种复合混凝剂RX,并将其用于处理合成洗涤剂生产废水.试验研究表明,RX对LAS和COD的去除效果较好,优于PAC和PFS,且用量少,费用低,出水水质好.其最佳处理条件为:pH为7～9,RX投加量150 mg/L,PAM投加量0...