Effects of substituents on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of poly(3-alkoxythiophene) derivatives

Poly(3-alkoxythiophenes) (P3AOTs) have been synthesized with octoxyl, dodecaoxyl and 4-nitro-benzyloxyl as sidechains, respectively. The novel poly(3-octoxycthiophen)-co-poly(3-(4-nitro-benzyloxy)-thiophene) (P3OOT-co-P3NBOT) has also been prepared. The absorption spectra of samples indicate that the side groups affect the bandgap of P3AOTs. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of P3AOTs were investigated using Z-scan method. The third-order NLO susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) of the polymers shows a strong dependence on the length of the alkoxyl sidechains and polarity of polymers, which affect the intra- and intermolecular charge transfer. These polymers have potential application in optical limiting device.     

Fabrication and catalytic property of an Ag@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) yolk/shell structure

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) hollow spheres with the size ranged from 210 to 850 nm and a conductivity of 6 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 have been prepared via electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a soft template. Then, a novel Ag@PEDOT yolk/shell structure has been prepared simply and directly by a penetration and reduction approach. The morphology, formation, and the catalytic activity of the as-prepared Ag@PEDOT yolk/shell structure have been investigated. The experimental result shows that the as-prepared Ag@PEDOT yolk/shell structure exhibits excellent catalytic activity on reduction of p-nitrophenol. The employed approach may shed some light on preparing other noble metal@conductive polymer core/shell structure.     

Aspects of reconfigurable and flexible fixtures

The design and manufacture of fixtures and other dedicated tooling for positioning of workpieces are among the major cost drivers in product industrialization. This has spurred research and commercial interest towards other fixturing solutions like reconfigurable fixtures, with the ability to be changed, or “reconfigured”, to suit different parts and products. When reconfiguring, the product interface not only has to be moved but moved to a desired position and orientation. Several different approaches have been used to move and position these devices, all with their own advantages and disadvantages. This article presents different methods used to position and reconfigure flexible fixture devices using a parallel kinematic device as a case. Discussing the different ways to reconfigure a flexible device, the article aims to arrange the techniques according to their key features.     

碳纤维热氧化行为及其机理

对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行热氧化处理,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱,拉曼光谱等手段表征了PAN基碳纤维的热氧化行为,研究了其热氧化机理。结果表明:热氧化使PAN基碳纤维表面氧元素含量大幅升高,碳含量下降,氧以C—OH或C—O—C基团的形式吸附到表面、在550℃左右以C=O基团大量分解的形式腐蚀纤维,破坏纤维形貌;同时热氧化腐蚀纤维中的非石墨碳,使得有序的石墨结构向非石墨无序结构转变,破坏碳纤维的晶体结构。     

商业银行信用问题探析

银行信用直接关系到银行业的长远发展,信用作为银行产品的特殊性,决定着银行的利益得失.银行的隐蔽失信,银行的道德风险与逆选择,信用监管的失缺构成了当前银行信用现状,提升银行信用有助于银行业的进一步发展.     

打制石器的木材加工痕迹鉴定浅谈

在中国,打制石器功能研究的传统方法是采用类型学,按其形态的不同将它们划分成砍砸器、刮削器、雕刻器等等,但是功能与形态之间并无必然的排他性关联.通过劳伦斯·基利采用微痕分析方法所得实验鉴定结论来讨论如何鉴定打制石器上的木材加工痕迹.从其总体特征、木材种类不同所产生的变化、使用方式不同所产生的变化三个方面进行阐述.     

Flexible film systems: Current understanding and future prospects

The electrical and mechanical properties of metal films on polymer Substrates are of interest for use inflexible electronic devices and sensors. In these Systems, film deformation mechanisms are comparable to those from free-standing films but the influence of the Substrate and the Interface on the film properties is yet to be fully understood. This understanding is critical to further design improvements and advanced in situ characterization holds the promise of making this possible. With the aid of such techniques direct Observation of failure and deformation mechanisms has become possible.     

Aluminum industry and climate change—Assessment and responses

It is now possible to assess the impact of the production processes of aluminum on the environment and to describe some of the ongoing responses and opportunities for improvement. This is compared with the benefits of aluminum in transportation, where the growing usage in various forms of transport due to its low density, high strength, and ability to be recycled enables reduced mass, increased fuel efficiency, reduced emissions and increased safety. It is the purpose of this paper to compare and contrast the emissions generated in the production of aluminum with the benefits accruing from its increased use in transportation.     

Relationship Between Embedding Depth and Residual Stress in the cBN Grain of Monolayer Brazed Abrasive Tools

The relationship between the embedding depth and the residual stress in the brazed cBN grains is analyzed experimentally in order to optimize the embedding depth of grains in the monolayer brazed abrasive tools. It is found that the residual stress is stable without remarkable gradient in the core zones of the brazed grains. However, the stress distribution gradient is rather great in the regions such as both ends of the central axis, the margin region of the central plane in the cBN grains, and the margin region of the section plane between the grains and the filler top. The maximum tensile stress in the margin zone of the brazed cBN grains has the most important influence on the mechanical property of the grains. The embedding depth is accordingly optimized at 30-40% of the total height of cBN grain.