A 2D quadrangular pyramid photoelectric autocollimator with extended angle measurement range

A photoelectric autocollimator with high accuracy and extended measurement range based on the quadrangular pyramid is proposed, and the corresponding algorithms are also deduced. A new image processing algorithm has been proposed to improve the accuracy, and the corresponding errors are also estimated, the error does not exceed half a pixel when the distance between the marks more than two radii. The experimental results have verified that the measurement range of the proposed two-dimensional (2D) quadrangular pyramid photoelectric autocollimator can be increased times than that of the flat mirror photoelectric autocollimator from 10′ to 15′. The accuracy is better than 1″ when the deflection is less than 15′.     

Ultra-Stable and Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Monocrystalline Perovskite Thin Films

The detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation with effective performance and robust stability is essential to practical applications. Metal halide single-crystal perovskites (ABX₃) are promising next-generation materials for UV detection. The device performance of all-inorganic CsPbCl₃ photodetectors (PDs) is still limited by inner imperfection of crystals grown in solution. Here wafer-scale single-crystal CsPbCl₃ thin films are successfully grown by vapor-phase epitaxy method, and the as-constructed PDs under UV light illumination exhibit an ultralow dark current of 7.18 pA, ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio of ≈5.22 × 10⁵, competitive responsivity of 32.8 A W⁻¹, external quantum efficiency of 10867% and specific detectivity of 4.22 × 10¹² Jones. More importantly, they feature superb long-term stability toward moisture and oxygen within twenty-one months, good temperature tolerances at low and high temperatures. The ability of the photodetector arrays for excellent UV light imaging is further demonstrated.     

宽波段DMD动态红外景象仿真器投影光学系统设计

宽波段红外景象仿真器可用于内场评价和验证中波/长波红外双波段成像仪。详细介绍了基于数字微镜器件(DMD)的动态红外景象仿真器的组成和工作原理。重点介绍了覆盖中波和长波红外的宽波段红外投影光学系统的指标要求、设计思想和设计结果。基于离轴三反射镜系统设计的系统,具有无色差、适用波段宽、相对孔径大、结构较紧凑、成像质量好等优点。根据待测设备要求,设计了一款口径100、相对孔径F/2.84、全面视场角4.4°、成像质量接近于衍射极限的宽波段投影光学系统。     

H ∞ Control of Piecewise-Linear Systems Under Unreliable Communication Links

This paper considers the problem of H _∞ control of piecewise-linear control systems under unreliable communication links. Due to the limited bandwidth of the channels, signal transmission delays and data packet losses can occur between the plant and the controller. In the presence of random signal transmission delays and data packet losses, a piecewise controller is designed to stabilize the piecewise-linear system in the sense of mean square and also achieve a prescribed H _∞ disturbance attenuation performance based on piecewise-quadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals. It is shown that the H _∞ controllers can be designed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that are numerically feasible. Moreover, the controller design method is further extended to uncertain case where the system matrices’ uncertainties are represented in polytopic frameworks. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.     

基于小波分析的汽车噪声源识别

本文提出了一种利用车辆行驶时产生的声音信号进行汽车噪声源识别的新方法。对所采集的车辆行驶时的声音信号,运用小波变换对信号进行处理,找出汽车噪声主要集中的频段,通过与汽车各噪声源位于的频段进行比较就可以较为准确地找出汽车的主要噪声源,并通过实验论证了上述方法的可行性。     

Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

上反射镜稳定系统机械谐振的分析

针对在上反射镜1／2机械传动过程中存在机械谐振的问题,提出抑制或消除机械谐振的方法。通过分析上反射镜稳定系统的控制结构模型,推导出其传递函数和动力学方程,结合上反射镜的实际结构,分析机械谐振产生的机理,讨论结构机械谐振频率与上反射镜稳定伺服系统带宽关系,并以某型号坦克车长镜为例进行验证分析。结果表明：整机系统没有出现失稳的现象,应在结构设计初期采取合理的设计及更先进的仿真,以抑制或消除机械谐振。     

Wetting characteristics of Pb-free solder alloys and PWB finishes

For a successful transition to Pb-free manufacturing in electronics assembly, it is critical to understand the behavior of Pb-free solders (in bulk and paste form) and their interaction with the Pb-free printed wiring board (PWB) finishes. This paper presents the results obtained from solder paste spread tests and wetting balance experiments with several Pb-free solder alloys and Pb-free PWB finishes. The solder alloys studied were Sn3.4Ag4.8Bi, Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu, Sn3.5Ag and Sn0.7Cu. Eutectic Sn37Pb was used as a reference. The PWB surface finishes were Sn, NiAu, Ag and OSP. Wetting balance experiments were conducted in air while the spread tests were performed in air and nitrogen to understand the effect of reflow atmosphere on the spreading. Surface analysis techniques such as Nomarski phase contrast microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the as-received PWB finishes. Sequential electrochemical reduction analysis (SERA) was also performed on the as-received PWB test coupons and on the Sn test coupons after multiple reflow cycles. The effect of multiple reflow cycles on the wetting performance, spreading and the surface composition of the PWB finishes was studied.     

Optimized TQ-MAP: An Adaptive Mapping Mechanism to Guarantee the Coherence of QoS Support from IP to OBS

Because of its scalability, the idea of coarse packet classification can be utilized to OBS networks. However, due to the limited number of priorities supported by OBS networks, we usually adopt a many-to-one composite class burst (CCB) assembly technique, e.g., N:1-CCB. In this kind of technique, there are two aspects related to scalable QoS support, i.e., mapping relationship and assembly resource allocation. This paper simultaneously takes the two aspects into consideration, and proposes a novel assembly mapping mechanism, called Optimized TQ-MAP, in which the most important feature is adaptivity. Based on nonlinear programming and differential calculus, it allocates the burst assembling capacity between classes fairly, efficiently and differentially, and matches IP QoS requirement with OBS QoS capacity as possible as it can. The simulation results show that Optimized TQ-MAP is more adaptive, and can efficiently guarantee the coherence of QoS support from IP to OBS.     

中国大陆PCB产业自动化的现况与未来

从中国大陆PCB发展的现况分析实行设备自动化连线为企业所创造的价值。设备自动化连线是中国大陆PCB必须面临的改革出路。