正十二硫醇对硫调型氯丁橡胶断链过程的影响

研究了正十二硫醇用量和体系pH值对硫调型氯丁橡胶断链过程的影响.结果表明,硫醇是一种快速断链剂,0.5 h内氯丁橡胶的门尼粘度可降至预期值,且延长氯丁胶乳存放时间后,氯丁橡胶的门尼粘度变化不明显;增加硫醇用量可使氯丁橡胶断链更充分,其门尼粘度更低;提高体系pH值,可以加速断链反应.     

Functional modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) by copolymerizing with a hydrophobic cationic double alkyl‐substituted monomer

In this paper, a hydrophobic monomer (HM) that has a cationic double alkyl‐substituted group bonded to the nitrogen atom was first synthesized. Then a hydrophobic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was prepared by a radical solution copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) with the HM followed by an alcoholysis reaction in alkaline conditions. The structures of HM and hydrophobically modified PVA (H‐PVA) were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of hydrophobic cationic segments on crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, morphology, solution viscosity, and hydrophobic property were investigated. The results indicated that the crystallinity decreased from 37.2% of pure PVA to the minimum 23.2% of H‐PVA with the incorporation of 1.15 mol % HM. The thermal decomposition temperature of H‐PVA increased by about 50 °C compared with that of pure PVA. The viscosity of the H‐PVA solution was several times higher than that of the corresponding unmodified PVA solution over the whole shear rate range, which demonstrated that the H‐PVA had good shear‐resistance ability. Furthermore, the contact angle was significantly increased from 55.1° to 115° with the incorporation of only 0.83% HM, which illustrated that the H‐PVA had high hydrophobicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43888.     

Preparation of high toughness and high transparency polylactide blends resin based on multiarmed polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(l‐lactide)

Modification of poly(l ‐lactide) (PLLA) via blending with two or more polymers is one of the effective approaches used to overcome the brittleness of PLLA, which often requires the addition of a compatibilizer and generate opaque materials. To solve this problem, multiarmed polycaprolactone‐block‐PLLA (PCL‐b‐PLLA) was synthesized by consecutive ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and l ‐lactide using multihydroxyl alcohols as initiator. The structure and composition was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. PLLA/multiarmed PCL‐b‐PLLA blends with various blend ratios were prepared via melt mixing. The presence of multiarmed PCL‐b‐PLLA (30%) in the PLLA matrix exhibited more than 80 times improvement in the elongation at break, as compared to unmodified PLLA. The addition of multiarmed PCL‐b‐PLLA in the PLLA contributed to the enhancement of the storage modulus in the low frequency, which was related to the entanglement of the PLLA and multiarmed PCL‐b‐PLLA. The blend interface had no obvious phase separation, and showed good adhesion between dispersed block copolymer phases within the continuous PLLA phase. The compatibilization mechanism and toughing mechanism were proposed. The resulting PLLA blends also showed good transparency. The current research opened a new route available to prepare transparent PLA‐based resin with enhanced properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1125–1137, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

多磺酸盐基液复配体系对超稠油的室内降粘研究

磺酸盐作为降粘剂具有抗温、抗盐的优良特性。筛选合适的降粘剂和磺酸盐基液进行复配是对磺酸盐下游产品的回收利用,具有变废为宝的实用价值,为磺酸盐基液的开发利用开辟了新的途径。测定降粘率的条件经探究确定为:油/水质量比为7∶3,原油乳化时间为1小时,搅拌速率为200 r/s,搅拌时间为2 min。筛选出的表活剂AES和AEO在0.05%和0.5%时与磺酸盐基液达到最佳复配效果,降粘率达到99%左右。经室内驱油物理模拟实验得到最佳的降粘剂配方:磺酸盐(10%)+AES(0.04%)混合驱提高采收率为5.23%。     

曼尼希反应合成苯酚基多元醇的产物结构分析

以苯酚、甲醛和二乙醇胺为原料,通过曼尼希反应合成了苯酚基多元醇,利用凝胶渗透色谱和电喷雾质谱联用建立了一种苯酚基多元醇产物结构的鉴定方法.结果表明,随反应温度升高,高相对分子质量酚醛树脂类副产物增加,且每个分子都含有一个胺甲基;降低温度和提高二乙醇胺和甲醛的配比有利于副产物的降低.     

改革化学反应工程实践教学模式，培养创新人才——大化工类人才培养创新实验区的实践与探索

本文围绕建设人才培养模式创新实验区这个主题,结合化学反应工程课程的工程应用特点,探讨了人才培养模式创新实验区对化学反应工程课程改革的要求和定位,分析了该课程实践教学存在的不足,提出了一种适用创新教育的化学反应工程实践教学模式。     

玻璃窑炉脱硝技术探讨

主要探讨了氮氧化物(NO_X)的来源、形成机理,指出了当前常见的脱硝技术存在的问题及解决措施,介绍了几种烟气脱硝新技术。     

粉末NBR和交联剂在PVC／HDPE中的增容－交联作用

用抽提、示差扫描量热仪、扫描电镜和拉伸试验等方法，研究了粉末丁睛橡胶（Ｐ－ＮＢＲ）与以过氧化二异丙苯、三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯和ＭｇＯ组成的交联体系对ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ（５０／５０）共混物的增容－交联协同作用。单独加交联剂时主要发生ＨＤＰＥ的自交联，并使共混物形成半互穿网络结构，从而提高其力学性能；如再加入Ｐ－ＮＢＲ，则可明显促进两组分的相互分散，使交联剂聚集在两相的界面，ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ间产生大量互交联，从而显著提高共混物的力学性能。     

合成化学课程本科教学体系的选择与实施简

结合淮南师范学院化学与化工系近年来开设的合成化学课程,探讨了合成化学课程对化学各专业的选择,合成化学课程教学体系应遵循的原则,合成化学课程教学内容及合成化学课程教学组织与实施。     

多传感器图像配准方法综述

本文对图像配准方法进行了综述,分析了这些方法的适用性、优点和不足之处,探讨了目前多传感器图像配准方法存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。