不同成核效果成核剂的应用与研究进展

成核调节剂按其对成核的影响分为成核促进剂和成核抑制剂,介绍了这两类成核剂的特性、研究现状及其对结晶过程及晶体产品质量的影响,且对溶液结晶中的成核剂作用机理进行了简要的论述,旨在使研究者对成核调节剂及成核作用机理有更深的理解,为晶体成核的研究提供理论指导.     

Ab initio study of helium in Li4SiO4 crystals: Electronic properties,migration, and vacancy capture mechanism

Li₄SiO₄ crystal is a candidate material for tritium breeder material. Vacancy defects and He atoms will be produced in the crystal after neutron irradiation in fusion reactor. In previous research, we learned vacancy defects mainly include V_O⁰, V_O²⁺, and V_Li⁰, meanwhile, He atoms are easy to migrate and aggregate in the crystal. In order to understand the relationship between vacancy defects and He atoms, we use density functional theory (DFT) to study the interaction mechanism between vacancy and He atom. The results show that the local stable sites of He atoms are related to the surrounding charge distribution. V_O²⁺ and V_Li⁰ can capture interstitial He atoms, and it is difficult to escape the vacancies, thereby increasing the nucleation center of He atoms. V_O⁰ promotes the diffusion of He atoms in the interstitial space, which will cause small helium bubbles to merge more easily.     

Simultaneously enhanced energy storage density and efficiency in novel BiFeO3-based lead-free ceramic capacitors

In this work, a series of novel lead-free (1-x)Bi_0.83Sm_0.17Fe_0.95Sc_0.05O₃-x(0.85BaTiO₃-0.15Bi(Mg_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃) [(1-x)BSFS-x(BT-BMZ), x = 0.45?0.85] relaxor ceramics were prepared by solid phase sintering, and their dielectric properties and energy storage performances were explored. It was revealed that all the samples have a dense structure with pure pseudo-cubic phase. With the increase of x, the ferroelectric hysteresis loop is gradually slimmed accompanied by a decreasing polarization, indicating an enhanced relaxor behavior. Moreover, the electric breakdown strength increases linearly with x due to the fine grain size and enhanced relative density. Interestingly, a large recoverable energy density (～3.2 J/cm³) with an outstanding efficiency (～92 %) is achieved under an electric field ～206 kV/cm for the optimized component x = 0.75, which is superior to other reported lead-free ceramic systems. Moreover, the optimized ceramics of 0.25BSFS-0.75(BT-BMZ) show good thermal stability (25?100 °C) and excellent fatigue endurance (cycle number: > 10⁵) in energy storage performances. This work opens up a new route to tailor lead-free dielectric ceramics with high energy storage properties.     

Structure and Properties of Nonstoichiometric Y1-xNbxO1.5+x for Thermal Barrier Coatings

Understanding the effect of nonstoichiometry on material properties is of critical importance for the Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) application. In this work, the effect of nonstoichiometry was systematically investigated in Y₃NbO₇, a recently identified promising TBCs material for next-generation gas turbine engines. The results show that the nonstoichiometry effect mediates the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermophysical properties, oxygen ionic conductivity and optical transmittance. The results suggest that the oxygen ionic conductivity is correlated to the mass diffusion in the oxygen-deficient fluorite oxides Y_1-xNb_xO_1.5+x. The stoichiometric composition Y₃NbO₇, with the lowest thermal conductivity and slowest mass diffusion in Y_1-xNb_xO_1.5+x series, is optimal for the TBCs application, which can be of relevance for TBCs material design and coating fabrication.     

二氟草酸硼酸锂的降酸度工艺研究

针对二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)研究及生产中存在产品酸度高的问题,单纯通过粗品提纯降低酸度,成本高,效果不佳.通过优化反应、除酸与粗品提纯相结合的方法降低酸度.研究了反应物种类、锂盐量、降酸剂、结晶对产品酸度的影响.结果表明:三氟化硼(BF3)为含氟试剂,草酸锂(Li2 C2 O4)过量6％,碳酸锂(Li2 CO3)除酸,一次结晶条件下,LiDFOB酸度为94×10-6,产品指标合格,工艺可行.     

锥形量热法研究木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂对环氧树脂阻燃抑烟效果

以来自自然界储量第二的木质素作为膨胀型阻燃剂的基体,通过接枝氮、磷元素成功合成碳源、酸源、气源三位一体的木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂(Lig?T),实现了良好的阻燃性能.将Lig?T按照不同含量添加到环氧树脂(EP)中制备EP/Lig?T复合材料,以锥形量热测试考察复合材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,并重点考察复合材料在接近真实火...     

Boosting the Microbial Electrosynthesis of Acetate from CO2 by Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts of Pt Nanoparticles/rGO

Catalysis Letters - Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an effective approach to driving the CO2 reduction to multi-carbon organic products using renewable energy. In this work, the MES of acetate...     

质子交换膜燃料电池有序化膜电极研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池的发展和应用是促进现代生活方式低碳环保化的最重要路径之一。膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,实现膜电极结构的有序化是同时满足低铂载量和高电化学性能要求的关键。本文系统总结和分析了最近有关有序化膜电极的相关研究进展。与发展较为缓慢的质子导体有序化相比,以催化剂有序化和催化剂载体有序化为路径实现的有序化膜电极结构优化已经得到快速发展,对于促进质子交换膜燃料电池规模化应用表现出极大的发展潜力。     

溪洛渡水电站右岸导流洞喷射混凝土施工技术

溪洛渡水电站右岸导流洞洞室开挖断面大,支护断面类型复杂,支护喷混凝土工程量大.通过合理优化生产工艺,采用大型机械化设备施工,提高了工作效率,有效地保证了喷护工程质量、安全及施工进度.     

Preparation and thermal stability of collagen from scales of grass carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis>)

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales (GCS) was swollen in water and treated with microwave for 2 min, followed by decalcifying with 8% aqueous citric acid solution. The collagen of GCS was then prepared by limited pepsin digestion with a yield of 25.64% on dry weight basis. SDS-PAGE, FT-IR and amino acid composition analysis indicated that the pepsin-solubilized collagen from GCS was typical type I collagen, consisting of three different α chains, α₁, α₂ and α₃. The thermal stability of pepsin-solubilized collagen from GCS was studied using viscometry, circular dichroism (CD) and Raman spectroscopies. The denaturation temperature (T _d) of collagen solution was 32 °C determined by viscometry. CD spectra analysis showed that the Td of GCS solution was between 35 °C and 40 °C, and further confirmed by Raman spectra. Thus, a large amount of collagen could be obtained from GCS and the preparation method is safe and time-economizing, and GCS will have potential as an important collagen source for use in various industries.