Cytokinin Confers Brown Planthopper Resistance by Elevating Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Rice

Plants have evolved a sophisticated defense system that employs various hormone pathways to defend against attacks by insect pests. Cytokinin (CK) plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance, but the role of CKs in plant–insect interaction remains largely unclear. Here, we report that CKs act as a positive regulator in rice resistance against brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating insect pest of rice. We found that BPH feeding promotes CK biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Exogenous application of CKs significantly increased the rice resistance to BPH. Increasing endogenous CKs by knocking out cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKXs) led to enhanced resistance to BPH. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of JA-responsive genes were elevated by CK treatment and in OsCKXs knockout plants. Furthermore, JA-deficient mutant og1 was more susceptible to BPH, and CK-induced BPH resistance was suppressed in og1. These results indicate that CK-mediated BPH resistance is JA-dependent. Our findings provide the direct evidence for the novel role of CK in promoting insect resistance, and demonstrate that CK-induced insect resistance is JA-dependent. These results provide important guidance for effective pest management strategies in the future.     

Intratracheal Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Microbial Dysbiosis in the Lungs,Brain, and Gut in Newborn Rats

We attempted to determine whether intratracheal (IT) transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could simultaneously attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injuries and microbial dysbiosis of the lungs, brain, and gut in newborn rats. Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% oxygen) for 14 days. Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (5 × 10⁵) were transplanted via the IT route on postnatal day (P) five. At P14, the lungs were harvested for histological, biochemical, and microbiome analyses. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes from the lungs, brain, and large intestine were amplified, pyrosequenced, and analyzed. IT transplantation of MSCs simultaneously attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation and the ensuing injuries, as well as the dysbiosis of the lungs, brain, and gut. In correlation analyses, lung interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria in the lungs, brain, and gut, and it was significantly inversely correlated with the abundance of Firmicutes in the gut and lungs and that of Bacteroidetes in the lungs. In conclusion, microbial dysbiosis in the lungs, brain, and gut does not cause but is caused by hyperoxic lung inflammation and ensuing injuries, and IT transplantation of MSCs attenuates dysbiosis in the lungs, brain, and gut, primarily by their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.     

Engineering the Thermoelectrical Properties of PEDOT:PSS by Alkali Metal Ion Effect

Engineering the electrical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)holds great potential for various applications such a...     

群井降水与粉喷桩止水在工程中的应用

根据工作经验,总结出在沿海地区地下水发育较为丰富的地段进行基础施工时,为达到基坑干施工所采取的技术方案。此方案与传统降水方法相比,有很大的合理性和可操作性,并能较好地降低成本。     

利用土方平衡原理对输水渠进行优化设计的实践

运用土方平衡原理,结合远距离跨流域调水工程输水干渠设计经验,总结出影响渠道开挖与填筑工程量的主要因素为挖深和筑高,次要因素为渠道底宽和堤顶宽度。针对主次因素,选择适宜的地形及渠道输水坡降,对输水渠平面设计及纵横断面设计进行了全面优化,成功地解决了输水渠弃借土量大、占地多等问题,取得了较大的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

基于CPFD多密度电子垃圾颗粒分离影响研究

基于电子垃圾绿色、高效的分离回收需求,利用barracuda仿真软件建立电子垃圾颗粒气固分离模型,模拟电子垃圾颗粒在气流作用下的分选特性,探讨在不同气流参数及不同物料流量、不同粒径下电子垃圾各组分颗粒的分离效率和回收率。研究表明,电子垃圾颗粒下落流量与粒径对贵金属回收分离有显著影响,当一次进风的气流速度为3.8m/s、二次进风的气流速度为4.6m/s、入料开口宽度为4mm,颗粒粒径为75~100um时,Au的品位率和回收可达87.1%和99.1%,Cu的品位为70.8%,回收率为85.8%。说明在二次进风的作用下,改变电子垃圾流量和控制粒径大小可以有效提升电子垃圾中贵金属的品位和回收率,同时对多密度颗粒的分选提供参考和借鉴。     

GNSS技术与多传感器融合的滑坡监测系统研究

本文设计了一种基于GNSS技术与多传感器融合的滑坡监测系统,该系统采用低功耗设计思路,通过RT-Thread操作系统实现多任务处理与低功耗模式运行,具有与滑坡监测预警云平台通信、GNSS网络RTK实时动态高精度定位、多传感器融合、监测数据实时采集处理、滑坡地质灾害预警等功能。实验结果表明,该系统运行功耗低、数据传输速度快、可靠性高、位移监测精度可达毫米级,满足对滑坡体进行高精度变形监测预警的需求。     

Experimental study of enhanced oil recovery by CO2 huff-n-puff in shales and tight sandstones with fractures

The fractures and kerogen,which generally exist in the shale,are significant to the CO2 huff-n-puff in the shale reservoir.It is important to study the effects ...     

Numerical investigation of fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading

A rock failure process analysis model, RFPA2D code, a two-dimensional numerical code, were proposed. The code not only satisfied the global equilibrium, strain consistent and nonlinear constitutive relationship of rock and soil materials but also took into account the heterogeneous characteristics of rock materials at macroscopic and microscopically level. The failure behavior of tunnel could be simulated by this numerical model. The model could realistically simulate the fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading, strength limits, and post peak response for both tension and compression. As the proposed method was used to conduct the stability analysis of tunnel, the safety factor of tunnel was defined as the ratio of actual shear strength parameter to critical failure shear strength parameter. Not only the safety factor of tunnel with specific physics meaning can be obtained, but also the overall failure process and the location of failure surface may also be determined at the same time.