Intensive irradiation of carbon nanotubes by Si ion beam

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were irradiated with 40 keV Si ion beam to a dose of 1×10^7 cm^-2. The multiple-way carbon nanowire junctions and the Si doping in carbon nanowires were realized. Moreover, the formation processes of carbon nanowire junctions and the corresponding mechanism were studied.     

Impaired hepatic autophagic activity in dairy cows with severe fatty liver is associated with inflammation and reduced liver function

The ability of liver to respond to changes in nutrient availability is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses mechanisms of cell survival, including capturing, degrading, and recycling of intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. During negative nutrient status, autophagy provides substrates to sustain cellular metabolism and hence, tissue function. Severe negative energy balance in dairy cows is associated with fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic autophagy status in dairy cows with severe fatty liver and to determine associations with biomarkers of liver function and inflammation. Liver and blood samples were collected from multiparous cows diagnosed as clinically healthy (n = 15) or with severe fatty liver (n = 15) at 3 to 9 d in milk. Liver tissue was biopsied by needle puncture, and serum samples were collected on 3 consecutive days via jugular venipuncture. Concentrations of free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate were greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Milk production, dry matter intake, and concentration of glucose were all lower in cows with severe fatty liver. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were all greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were also markedly greater in cows with severe fatty liver. The mRNA expression of autophagosome formation-related gene ULK1 was lower in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. However, the expression of other autophagosome formation-related genes, beclin 1 (BECN1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3), autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3, ATG5, and ATG12, did not differ. More important, ubiquitinated proteins, protein expression of sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, also called LC3)-II was greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increased number of autophagosomes in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. Taken together, these results indicate that excessive lipid infiltration of the liver impairs autophagic activity that may lead to cellular damage and inflammation.     

工程陶瓷边缘碎裂行为与机理研究进展

边缘碎裂是工程陶瓷磨削加工过程中的常见现象,是影响陶瓷元件加工质量和加工成本的关键因素之一。由于所处几何位置的特殊性,传统陶瓷磨削理论难以直接解释边缘碎裂行为的特有现象及规律,研究陶瓷等脆性材料的边缘碎裂行为与机理成为当今加工界的热点之一。综述了工程陶瓷边缘碎裂行为与机理的最新研究进展,详细阐述了工程陶瓷的边缘碎裂剥落模型、边缘碎裂单晶压头模型和边缘碎裂划痕模型,并对各模型的优缺点作了评价,提出了工程陶瓷边缘碎裂行为与机理研究中尚待解决的问题以及边缘碎裂预防措施。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铀样品年龄方法研究

铀样品年龄与生产时间密切相关,是核法证学调查核材料来源属性的一个重要参数。本文研究建立了利用²³⁰Th/²³⁴U原子数比测定铀样品年龄的分析方法。分别用²²⁹Th和²³³U稀释剂进行铀样品同位素稀释,利用TEVA树脂对样品中的铀和钍进行分离处理,用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测量²²⁹Th/²³⁰Th和²³³U/²³⁴U原子数比,根据铀年龄计算公式通过²³⁰Th/²³⁴U原子数比可得到样品的铀年龄。采用该方法对CRM U850和U010标准样品进行了年龄测定,结果与美国劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的测量结果一致,但较实际年龄偏大,可能是由于生产时纯化过程不完全,导致有残留的²³⁰Th在样品中。本文所建立的方法可用于铀样品²³⁰Th-²³⁴U模型年龄的测定,为核法证学调查提供重要信息。     

复合絮凝剂的研究进展及应用

复合絮凝剂根据成分的不同可分为无机高分子复合絮凝剂、有机复合絮凝剂以及无机-有机复合絮凝剂3类.综述了复合絮凝剂的国内外研究进展,并对各种复合絮凝剂的优缺点及应用领域进行了对比分析,指出无机-有机复合絮凝剂将是今后的研究重点,而工业废物资源化制备复合絮凝剂将是未来的重要生产途径.     

Orthogonal design study on factors affecting the diameter of perfluorinated sulfonic acid nanofibers during electrospinning

In this study, Nafion® NR 40 beads with polyethylene oxide (PEO) are fabricated into a nanofiber membrane using electrospinning. In particular, Nafion® beads in non‐toxic mixed solvent (EtOH and H₂O) were blended with the carrier polymer PEO, which is the minor component in the solution responsible for the solution spinnability. The highest content of Nafion® in the nanofiber is 98.04%. To investigate the factors influencing the nanofiber diameter during electrospinning, an orthogonal design method was adopted. These factors include the carrier polymer content, distance between the syringe needle and roller collector, flow rate of the electrospinning solution, and the roller rotation speed. After obtaining the significant factors and optimal test level, an additional optimization experiment is conducted under the best conditions. The resulting nanofibers have a diameter of ～150 nm. Moreover, the obtained Nafion® nanofiber membrane has strong potential for applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the chlor‐alkali industry, catalysts, and metal ion removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41755.     

用1G／2G复合调节剂进行丁二烯阴离子聚合的研究

在环已烷中，以正丁基锂引发的丁二烯阴离子聚合，采用１Ｇ／２Ｇ复合调节剂，研究了１Ｇ／２Ｇ复合调节剂对聚丁二烯微观结构及聚合动力学的影响。实验结果表明：１Ｇ与２Ｇ复合调节剂对聚丁二烯微观结构的调节能力强于１Ｇ或２Ｇ单一调节剂。聚合速度与单体浓度呈一次方关系，并分别求得不同温度下的单体一级反应速度常数（Ｋ″ｐ）及表观增长活化能（Ｅ′ｐ）。     

无卤阻燃ABS树脂最新研究进展

综述了近年来无卤阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)的最新研究进展,比较了无机、有机磷酸酯、环磷腈类、含Si化合物类及反应共聚型阻燃剂阻燃ABS的阻燃效果。使用复配阻燃剂可以发挥不同组分之间的协同作用,获得更好的阻燃效果,而使用无机纳米阻燃剂可以同时提高阻燃体系的力学性能、热性能、燃烧性能等,获得综合性能优良的复合材料。因此,将无机纳米阻燃剂同常规阻燃剂复配使用,是无卤阻燃ABS的重要研究途径。     

Effects of Polyhydroxy Compounds on Enzymatic Synthesis of <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">L</Emphasis>-Tryptophan Catalyzed by Tryptophan Synthase

Abstract  

The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular (1000, 2000), glycerol, ethylene glycol on the catalytic activity of tryptophan synthase were studied. The results indicated that the addition of PEG 2000 increased the enzymatic activity of tryptophan synthase. The enzymatic activity of tryptophan synthase was enhanced 25.2% by 10 g L⁻¹ PEG 2000. Reaction conditions were optimized by using 10 g L⁻¹ PEG 2000 at pH 9 and 40 °C. L-Serine conversion rate reach 89.9% under the optimal conditions. The kinetic parameters indicated the specificity of TSase to substrate was improved.