Di对Mg-10Al合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

研究了Di加入量为1％～3％（质量分数，下同）[Nd—Pr混合稀土金属，w（Nd）：w（Pr）=3：1]的Mg-10Al合金的显微组织和力学性能。通过显微组织分析发现Di加入Mg-10Al合金后，析出了块状的Al2（Nd，Pr）相及杆状的Al11（Nd，Pr）3相，合金组织得到细化。Di的加入使铸态的Mg-10Al合金的力学性能提高，在Di的加入量为2％时，块状的Al2（Nd，Pr）相占主导地位，合金的抗拉强度和伸长率都达到峰值。在Di的加入量达到3％时，杆状的Al11（Nd，Pr），相增加，抗拉强度、尤其是伸长率有所降低。     

Corrosion of Three Commercial Steels Under ZnCl2 –KCl Deposits in a Reducing Atmosphere Containing HCl and H2S at 400–500°C

The corrosion of three commercial steels in a reducing atmosphere containing HCl plus H₂S in the presence of ZnCl₂–KCl deposits has been investigated at 400–500°C and compared with the corrosion of the same materials in a similar gas mixture free from H₂S. The presence of H₂S in the gas accelerated the corrosion of the three commercial steels beneath ZnCl₂–KCl deposits. All materials suffered from severe corrosion with partial detachment and spalling of the external scales. Degradation of the steels resulted from the penetration of chlorine-containing species through the scale formed initially down to the metal matrix, because chorine-rich species were detected close to the alloy/scale interface. Although the corrosion resistance generally increased with increasing Cr content, even the high-Cr stainless steel SS304 is still unable to provide good corrosion resistance against the ZnCl₂–KCl deposits in the presence of H₂S due to the bad adherence of the scales to the alloy. The mechanisms of attack are discussed on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and of the active-oxidation model.     

The corrosion of Co-Nb alloys in reducing/oxidizing-sulfidizing gases at 600–800°C

The corrosion of the two pure metals and of two alloys containing 15 and 30 wt% Nb has been studied at 600–800°C in H₂-H₂S-CO₂ gas mixtures providing 10⁻⁸ atm S₂ at all temperatures and 10⁻²⁴ atm O₂ at 600°C and 10⁻²⁰ atm O₂ at 700 and 800°C. The corrosion kinetics were rather complex, being sometimes parabolic and in other cases nearly linear. Under a constant temperature the addition of niobium generally reduced the corrosion rate, except at 700°C when pure cobalt corroded more slowly than the two alloys. The corrosion rates for the same material decreased with an increase in temperature under the same sulfur pressure. Except at 800°C under 10⁻⁸ atm S₂, which is below the dissociation pressure of cobalt sulfide, the scales presented an outer layer of pure cobalt sulfide and an inner layer of complex composition containing a mixture of double sulfide, niobium oxide and in some cases of unreacted metallic cobalt particles. The addition of niobium was generally beneficial, the effect increasing with its concentration in the alloy, but the corrosion rates of the alloys were still much higher than that of pure niobium, mainly as a result of the lack of formation of a protective layer of niobium sulfide. The corrosion behavior is examined with special reference to the consequences of the low solubility of niobium in cobalt and to the relation between the microstructure of the alloys and the scales.     

对Al-Cu合金中α-Al及Al2Cu生长行为的探讨

研究了Al-Cu合金中α-Al和Al2Cu的生长行为,分析了初生α-Al及初生Al2Cu作为共晶核心形核的能力.结果发现,在过共晶组织中,初生相Al2Cu形貌大部分有明显的拐角,观察其平面有的呈矩形,呈现小面生长特性.而α-Al与Al2Cu共晶生长时,Al2Cu择优生长特征削弱,与α-Al耦合生长呈现非小面-非小面生长,表明Al2Cu在不同的生长阶段表现出的生长行为不同.在亚共晶组织中,初生相α-Al周围形成离异共晶的Al2Cu,而过共晶组织中初生相Al2Cu周围没有离异共晶的α-Al,表明初生相Al2Cu作为共晶层片核心的能力比初生相α-Al作为共晶层片核心的能力强.     

An analysis of the internal oxidation of binary M-Nb alloys under low oxygen pressures at 600–800°C

The corrosion of M–Nb alloys based on iron, cobalt, and nickel and containing 15 and 30 wt% Nb has been studied at 600–800°C under low oxygen pressures (10^–24 atm at 600°C and 10^–20 atm at 700–800°C). Except for the Co–Nb and Ni–Nb alloys corroded at 800°C, which formed external scales of niobium oxides, corrosion under low O₂ pressures produced an internal oxidation of niobium. This attack was much faster than expected on the basis of the classical theory. Furthermore, the distribution of the internal oxide in the alloys containing two metal phases was very close to that of the Nb-rich phase in the original alloys. These kinetic, microstructural, and thermodynamic aspects are examined by taking into account the effects of the limited solubility of niobium in the various base metals and of the two-phase nature of the alloys.     

The oxidation of two Fe−Nb alloys under low oxygen pressures at 600–800°C

The oxidation of two Fe–Nb alloys containing 15 and 30 wt.% Nb has been studied at 600–800°C under low oxygen pressures, similar to those prevailing in environments of the coal-gasification type. The reaction produced only an internal oxidation of niobium to form two niobium oxides (NbO₂ and Nb₂O₅) and in some cases a double Fe–Nb oxide. The kinetics of this reaction were very slow at 600°C but rather fast at 700 and 800°C. A peculiar feature of the internal oxidation of these alloys is that the distribution of the internal oxides follows closely that of the Nb-rich phase in the original two-phase alloys. This behavior, as well as the lack of formation of external scales of niobium oxides, is mainly a result of the limited solubility of niobium in iron and of the consequent presence of two metal phases in the alloys.     

The Internal Oxidation of Ternary Alloys. VI: The Transition from Internal to External Oxidation of the Most-Reactive Component under Intermediate Oxidant Pressures

The conditions for the transition from internal to external oxidation of the most-reactive component C of ternary A–B–C alloys are examined, assuming the presence of external scales of the oxide of the component of intermediate reactivity B. For this, approximate expressions for the diffusion coefficient of oxygen and for the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the binary A–B alloy matrix within the zone of internal oxidation as functions of the composition of the metal matrix within the zone of internal oxidation are used. Numerical calculations of the critical content of C needed for this transition are carried out for different combinations of values of the various parameters involved. The results obtained for the ternary alloys are compared with the corresponding data calculated for the binary A–C and B–C alloys under oxygen pressures insufficient to oxidize the most-noble alloy component. This allows to predict the possibility of existence of a third-element effect under intermediate oxidant pressures.     

Fe—Cr—Ni—Mo—C阀座材料的时效硬化及时效过程中的相转变

Fe-18.2Cr-6.9Ni-2.5Mo-1.5C材料铸态组成相为奥氏体和M7C_3型碳化物,在随后加热时可产生时效硬化现象,最佳时效温度为650℃。时效过程中可产生α-铁索体和M_23C_6型碳化物两个新相。     

金刚石修整滚轮CAD/CAPP集成技术研究

金刚石修整滚轮是目前最为有效的高效、高精砂轮成形修整工具，迎合了磨削技术高精、高速和高效发展趋势，内电镀高精度修整滚轮制造工艺复杂、工序多，影响制造精度因素较多，修整参数选择、滚轮图纸设计和工艺编制是生产中的关键环节。本文从分析金刚石修整滚轮设计制造的特点人手，应用CAD／CAPP集成技术实现了金刚石修整滚轮设计、工艺规程编制和技术文件管理的自动化，提高了滚轮制造工艺水平和对产品质量的控制能力，较好地解决了一些设计和工艺过程相对简单、变化较小的定型产品的CAD／CAPP集成化的问题。     

用胶粘代替点焊工艺

采用点焊工艺生产拖拉机机罩，点焊压痕影响了外观质量，通过对几种方案的探讨和大量的胶粘试验，确定了一种用结构胶粘结代替点焊的工艺，该工艺使制件的外观质量得以大幅度提高，而生产成本则明显降低。