Zhu WM  Liu AQ  Zhang XM  Tsai DP  Bourouina T  Teng JH  Zhang XH  Guo HC  Tanoto H  Mei T  Lo GQ  Kwong DL 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2011,23(15):1792-1796

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Zhu M  Tian X  Song X  Li Y  Tian Y  Zhao Y  Nie G 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,8(18):2841-2848

The mechanisms associated with the induction of systemic immune responses by nanoparticles are not fully understood, but their elucidation is critical to address safety issues associated with the broader medical application of nanotechnology. In this study, a key role of nanoparticle-induced exosomes (extracellularly secreted membrane vesicles) as signaling mediators in the induction of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune activation is demonstrated. In vivo exposure to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) results in significant exosome generation in the alveolar region of Balb/c mice. These act as a source of nanoparticle-induced, membrane-bound antigen/signaling cargo, which transfer their components to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the reticuloendothelial system. Through exosome-initiated signals, immature dendritic cells (iDCs) undergo maturation and differentiation to the DC1 subtype, while macrophages go through classical activation and differentiation to the M1 subtype. Simultaneously, iDCs and macrophages release various Th1 cytokines (including interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor α) driving T-cell activation and differentiation. Activated APCs (especially DC1 and M1 subtypes) consequently prime T-cell differentiation towards a Th1 subtype, thereby resulting in an orchestrated Th1-type immune response. Th1-polarized immune activation is associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity, which might underlie the long-term inflammatory effects frequently associated with nanoparticle exposure. These studies suggest that nanoparticle-induced exosomes provoke the immune activation and inflammatory responses that can accompany nanoparticle exposure.  相似文献   

    

Jiangtao Zhu  Sie Chin Tjong  Xiao‐Qiang Li 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2010,12(11):1161-1165

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and its nanocomposites reinforced with low loading levels of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are prepared by spark plasma sintering process. The structure, morphology, and hardness of sintered HA and MWNT/HA nanocomposites are characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation techniques. XRD results show that the orientation of crystallographic planes of sintered HA are highly related to the applied pressure direction. The perpendicular section of sintered MWNT/HA nanocomposites shows predominantly oriented HA a‐and b‐planes while the parallel section displays a dominant c‐plane orientation. The hardness of MWNT/HA nanocomposites improves considerably with increasing MWNT content.  相似文献   

    

Yan Zhu  Huifeng Qian  Manzhou Zhu  Rongchao Jin 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2010,22(17):1915-1920

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Zhulin Huang  Guowen Meng  Qing Huang  Yajun Yang  Chuhong Zhu  Chaolong Tang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2010,22(37):4136-4139

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Yongfeng Zhou  Wei Huang  Jinyao Liu  Xinyuan Zhu  Deyue Yan 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2010,22(41):4567-4590

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are highly branched macromolecules with a three‐dimensional dendritic architecture. Due to their unique topological structure and interesting physical/chemical properties, HBPs have attracted wide attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, the recent developments in HBP self‐assembly and their biomedical applications have been comprehensively reviewed. Many delicate supramolecular structures from zero‐dimension (0D) to three‐dimension (3D), such as micelles, fibers, tubes, vesicles, membranes, large compound vesicles and physical gels, have been prepared through the solution or interfacial self‐assembly of amphiphilic HBPs. In addition, these supramolecular structures have shown promising applications in the biomedical areas including drug delivery, protein purification/detection/delivery, gene transfection, antibacterial/antifouling materials and cytomimetic chemistry. Such developments promote the interdiscipline researches among surpramolecular chemistry, biomedical chemistry, nano­technology and functional materials.  相似文献   

    

Hai Zhu  Chong‐Xin Shan  Bin Yao  Bing‐Hui Li  Ji‐Ying Zhang  Zheng‐Zhong Zhang  Dong‐Xu Zhao  De‐Zhen Shen  Xi‐Wu Fan  You‐Ming Lu  Zi‐Kang Tang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2009,21(16):1613-1617

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Z. Huang  H. Fang  J. Zhu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2007,19(5):744-748

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D. Mühlbacher  M. Scharber  M. Morana  Z. Zhu  D. Waller  R. Gaudiana  C. Brabec 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2006,18(21):2884-2889

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L. Zhu  Y. Xu  W. Yuan  J. Xi  X. Huang  X. Tang  S. Zheng 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2006,18(22):2997-3000

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