State of health estimation of lithium‐ion batteries: A multiscale Gaussian process regression modeling approach

Accurate state of health (SOH) estimation in lithium‐ion batteries, which plays a significant role not only in state of charge (SOC) estimation but also in remaining useful life (RUL) prognostics is studied. SOC estimation and RUL prognostics often require one‐step‐ahead and long‐term SOH prediction, respectively. A systematic multiscale Gaussian process regression (GPR) modeling method is proposed to tackle accurate SOH estimation problems. Wavelet analysis method is utilized to decouple global degradation, local regeneration and fluctuations in SOH time series. GPR with the inclusion of time index is utilized to fit the extracted global degradation trend, and GPR with the input of lag vector is designed to recursively predict local regeneration and fluctuations. The proposed method is validated through experimental data from lithium‐ion batteries degradation test. Both one‐step‐ahead and multi‐step‐ahead SOH prediction performances are thoroughly evaluated. The satisfactory results illustrate that the proposed method outperform GPR models without trend extraction. It is thus indicated that the proposed multiscale GPR modeling method can not only be greatly helpful to both RUL prognostics and SOC estimation for lithium‐ion batteries, but also provide a general promising approach to tackle complex time series prediction in health management systems. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1589–1600, 2015     

丙烯酸酯类加工助剂（ACR）生产工艺的改进

针对吉化集团公司苏州安利化工股份有限公司丙烯酸酯类聚合物ACR－401加工助剂的生产工艺进行了优化,考察了加料方式,温度等对乳液聚合工艺的影响。提高了ACR－401加工助剂的性能。     

线形无规共聚物SIBR的合成与表征

采用阴离子聚合法合成了苯乙烯－异戊二烯－丁二烯无规共聚物（SIBR0,并通过^1H NMR分析对产物序列结构进行了表征,实验证明,控制聚合温度在50－70℃,n(THF):n(Li)在（9－25）：1之间或n(THF):n(Li)为7．0：1且2G与Li摩尔比在0．08－0．45之间或2G与Li摩尔比在0．10－0．35之可调节1,2－PB与摩尔比在21％－32％之间,3,4－PI与PI摩尔比在39％－52％之间变化且苯乙烯单元在聚合物链上呈无规分布。     

聚丙烯/膨胀石墨/碳纳米管复合材料电性能、微观结构及其流变学研究

研究了以膨胀石墨(EG)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)共同填充聚丙烯(PP)体系的电性能、微观结构及其流变行为。结果表明,EG和MWNT的协同导电作用显著降低了复合材料的体积电阻率和逾渗阀值,当MWNT用量为5 phr、EG为10 phr时,与PP/EG(15 phr)材料相比,复合材料的体积电阻率降低了1 600倍,通过其低频区流变行为的研究,表明EG同MWNT协同形成了更完善的三维网络结构,扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,MWNT在复合体系中起到桥连作用,连接基体与EG,以及EG片层与片层,因此获得了更好的导电特性。     

Liquid circulation hydrodynamics in an external loop airlift reactor

The radial profiles of axial liquid velocity and gas hold‐ups are investigated in the riser of a pilot plant scale external loop airlift reactor (ELAR) using a modified Pavlov tube and differential pressure technique. The experimental investigation reveals that there exist two different kinds of liquid circulation structures in an ELAR, which has rarely been reported in the literature, namely internal liquid circulation, which exists only in the riser and external liquid circulation, which circulates through the downcomer. A power–law relationship is used to correlate the gas hold‐up and superficial gas velocity, which gives good agreement with experimental data. Experiments for axial liquid velocity profiles are analysed in analogy to a model described for a conventional bubble column. The results predicted by the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data obtained under various operating conditions. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

竹炭对溶液中微量铬离子的吸附研究

研究了竹炭粒径、加入量、pH值、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对竹炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。实验结果表明,竹炭对水中微量Cr(Ⅵ)离子有较好的吸附性能。当Cr(Ⅵ)离子初始浓度为100μg/mL时,在50 mL Cr(Ⅵ)离子溶液中加入0.3 g60目竹炭,pH为2.0,吸附振荡温度为25℃,吸附3 h,Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附率达99.5%。竹炭对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附可较好地符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

热风系统在焦炉烟道气脱硫中的作用

介绍了焦炉烟道气脱硫治理过程中,热风系统对于防止烟囱雨、提高烟气扩散效应、防止系统腐蚀的重要作用以及其作用方式和相关计算方法。     

一段式厌氧氨氧化工艺亚硝酸盐氧化菌抑制方法研究进展

近年来,厌氧氨氧化工艺（anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Anammox）作为一种新型的脱氮技术,由于其耗能少、效率高而被应用于高氨氮废水的处理中。然而,实际运行的厌氧氨氧化工程中有时会出现亚硝酸盐氧化菌（nitrite oxidizing bacteria, NOB）大量繁殖的情况,导致硝酸盐积累,脱氮效率下降。在一段式Anammox反应器中,通过控制某些影响因素,如调节体系中的溶解氧,控制游离氨和游离亚硝酸的浓度,调控碳源浓度以及外加中间产物（N₂H₄、NO和NH₂OH）等方式,能够在维持Anammox工艺脱氮效率的同时有效抑制NOB。除了系统地综述一段式Anammox工艺中NOB抑制手段以外,将进一步讨论实际Anammox工程应用中抑制NOB大量繁殖行之有效的手段。     

Novel Fe‐based complex oxide catalysts for hydroxylation of phenol

Novel catalysts for the hydroxylation of phenol, Fe–Si–O, Fe–Mg–O and Fe–Mg–Si–O complex oxides, have been synthesized by a coprecipitation method. X‐ray diffraction studies show that MgFe₂O₄ crystallites with spinel structure are formed in Fe–Mg–Si–O and Fe–Mg–O complex oxides and the crystallite size of the metal oxide or complex oxide is reduced after addition of Si. In the hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide, Fe‐based complex oxides exhibit high activities after a short induction period. The phenol conversion is improved when silicon is introduced into the Fe‐based complex oxides, and formation of MgFe₂O₄ crystals with spinel structure in the catalysts increases the diphenol selectivity. The addition of a little acetic acid to the reaction liquid can shorten the induction period effectively. Under the same reaction conditions, phenol conversion and diphenol selectivity over the Fe–Mg–Si–O catalyst are close to those over TS‐1, and furthermore, the reaction time is more than ten times shorter as compared to TS‐1. The reaction mechanism of the hydroxylation of phenol on the catalysts has been studied, and a free‐radical mechanism initiated by the formation of phenoxy free radicals is suggested. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.