Kinetics of the peracetic acid decomposition: Part II: pH effect and alkaline hydrolysis

The effect of pH on the decomposition of peracetic acid in an aqueous solution was studied. It was found that three potential reactions, namely i) the spontaneous decomposition, ii) the hydrolysis and iii) the transition metal catalysed decomposition, are responsible for the consumption of peracetic acid. The spontaneous decomposition reaches its maximum at pH 8.2, while both the hydrolysis and metal ion catalysed decomposition increase as the pH increases. At pH 10.5 and higher, the hydrolysis becomes dominant when the metal ion catalysed decomposition is minimized by the addition of DTMPA. The kinetics of the peracetic acid hydrolysis was developed, which can very well predict the development of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide during the decomposition reaction.     

Stresses of cohesionless granular flows in liquids

We construct constitutive relations for friction stress, slide stress and collision stress of cohesionless granular flows. We propose that the friction stress and slide stress could be neglected when τ_c/τ_e < 0.02, where τ_c represents the interval time experienced by a given particle between two consecutive binary collisions and τ_e the particle relaxation time. We applied these constitutive relations to a simulation of solid-liquid flow in an inclined chute and found the simulation results agree with experimental data.     

Preparations and properties of thermosensitive terpolymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide,sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propanesuphonate,and N‐tert‐butylacrylamide

Terpolymers based on N‐isopropylacrylamide, sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propanesulfonate, and N‐tert‐butylacrylamide were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of the linear polymer aqueous solutions were determined by the measurement of the transmittance on UV at different temperatures. The influence of the polymer concentration, polymer composition, and ionic strength on the LCSTs of the linear polymers was investigated. The LCST decreased with increases in the hydrophobic monomer N‐tert‐butylacrylamide, polymer concentration, and ionic strength. The phase transition became sharp when the polymer concentration and ionic strength increased. Meanwhile, the crosslinked hydrogels were prepared with the same recipe used for the linear terpolymers, but a crosslinker was added to the reaction system. The swelling ratios of the hydrogels at various temperatures and salt solutions were determined. The hydrogels possessed both high swelling ratios and thermosensitivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

HS－900有机硅密封抗渗防水剂性能的研究

ＨＳ－９００有机硅密封抗渗防水剂是一种新型的有机硅改性硅酸盐防水材料。具有良好的抗渗性能和耐酸碱腐蚀能力。将其涂于低标号混凝土材料上，效果尤其明显。     

高温浓硫酸液下泵的故障分析及处理

安徽铜都铜业股份有限公司金昌冶炼厂新建 300 kt／a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置干燥塔入口烟气温度(30±2)℃,烟气ψ(SO_2)9％±1％。干燥塔循环槽采用2台单级单吸离心立式悬臂液下泵,型号为LSB780-30B,一开一备。吸收塔循环槽液下泵型号也为LSB780-30B,为2台泵并联。     

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of ALCELL® derived pulp

In this study, a kinetic model of the final bleaching stage with hydrogen peroxide in a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequence for ALCELL® processed pulp was developed. The model was based on the rate of chromophore destruction characterized by the decrease in the light absorption coefficient of bleached pulp at 457 nm, C_K. Based on the fact that the chromophore destruction proceeds rapidly in an initial phase followed by a much slower reaction during which a “floor-level” chromophore concentration is approached asymptotically, we propose that the hydrogen peroxide stage of the ALCELL® derived pulp in the studied TCF sequence consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase is a very fast reaction. The rate equation of the second phase was determined as: which is valid in a pH range of 10.5 to 11.5 and a temperature range of 60 to 92.5°C.     

Integrated size and topology optimization of skeletal structures with exact frequency constraints

The present paper studies the integrated size and topology optimization of skeletal structures under natural frequency constraints. It is found that, unlike the conventional compliance-oriented topology optimization problems, the considered problem may be strongly singular in the sense that the corresponding feasible domain may be disconnected and the global optimal solutions are often located at the tips of some separated low dimensional sub-domains when the cross-sectional areas of the structural components are used as design variables. As in the case of stress-constrained topology optimization, this unpleasant behavior may prevent the gradient-based numerical optimization algorithms from finding the true optimal topologies. To overcome the difficulties posed by the strongly singular optima, some particular forms of area/moment of inertia-density interpolation schemes, which can restore the connectedness of the feasible domain, are proposed. Based on the proposed optimization model, the probability of finding the strongly singular optimum with gradient-based algorithms can be increased. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

秋季太湖叶绿素a浓度荧光反演研究

基于2007年11~12月太湖全湖实测水质参数和光谱数据,首先利用高斯方程对遥感反射率进行过滤分解,找出叶绿素a(chl\|a)吸收峰675 nm以后的荧光反射峰(Fluorescence Peak:FP),再以662 nm处的反射率为基准,采用归一化荧光高度法进行叶绿素a浓度(C chl-a)反演,得到chl-a反演模型。基于高斯分解获取的chl-a的荧光反射峰值R(FP)与662 nm处的反射率R (662)比值［R(FP)/R(662)］与C chl-a之间存在显著的相关性,该模型为秋季太湖水体C chl-a的最佳反演模型。在高悬浮泥沙条件下,该模型能够较好地表示出叶绿素荧光高度与叶绿素浓度之间的关系,为C chl-a反演提供新的方法和依据,并为传感器敏感波段的选取和设置提供参考。     

Identification of organochlorines and organobromines in coals

Four Chinese bituminous coals were extracted with CS₂, n-hexane, benzene, methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and THF/methanol (1: 3 vol/vol) mixed solvent sequentially. The resulting 28 extracts were analyzed with GC/MS. Six organochlorines (OCs) and two organobromines (OBs) were identified in eight extracts from the coals. Our experiments provide, for the first time, the information on the molecular structure of OCs and OBs in coals.     

扫描仪面框注塑件翘曲变形的模拟分析

以扫描仪面框薄壁件注塑成型为例，应用Moldflow软件分析了模具温度、熔体温度、浇口位置和保压参数对翘曲变形的影响规律，提出了减小翘曲变形的工艺措施，分析结果与生产实际吻合。