Seed Oils of Five Black Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars with Biochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

Black tartary buckwheat oils (BTBOs) were extracted from five major industrial tartary buckwheat cultivars grown under similar agronomical activities and environmental conditions. These oils were characterized for the bioactive compounds containing fatty acids, β‐carotene, lutein, α‐, β‐, δ‐ and γ‐tocopherol, and for their antioxidant properties. The total tocopherol contents that were obtained ranged from 704.66 to 1156.19 mg/kg, with γ‐tocopherol (588.98–977.91 mg/kg) as the main component. The concentration of lutein ranged from 253.14 to 429.63 mg/kg, which was almost ten times higher than that of β‐carotenoid (46.71–69.2 mg/kg), indicating that black tartary buckwheat seed oils were a good source of lutein. The predominant fatty acids were unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) (35.27–40.61 %) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (38.25–42.90 %). Excellent values of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were obtained and the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 13.89 mmol Trolox equiv/g oil was detected in the variety of Chuanqiao No. 1, which was clearly separated by principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the highest content of tocopherols and carotenoids. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that tocopherols and carotenoids were the major contributors to the antioxidant activities of the BTBOs. This study demonstrates that lipophilic extraction in the tartary buckwheat seed contains many interesting bioactive compounds, which are beneficial for human health.     

Cr掺杂ZSM-5双功能催化剂的制备及其催化裂解正丁烷

采用原位合成的方法制备了Cr掺杂的ZSM-5分子筛,研究了Cr含量对于正丁烷催化裂解性能的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、氨程序升温脱附技术（NH₃-TPD）和吡啶红外（Py-FTIR）等表征手段研究了分子筛的结构、Cr物种的存在状态以及分子筛的酸性。研究结果表明,部分Cr进入分子筛的骨架,以单分散的形式存在,当Cr含量较低时,Cr的引入对于分子筛的弱酸性没有太大的影响。少量Cr的引入会极大提高正丁烷的转化率和乙烯、丙烯的收率,当Cr/Al摩尔比为0.04,反应温度为650℃时,正丁烷的转化率达到99.2%,乙烯、丙烯的收率达到53.8%,分别比未改性的ZSM-5高15.5%和5.0%。这可能是由于Cr活性组分的脱氢性能和分子筛的酸性形成协同作用,促进了正丁烷的高效转化。     

用于降低接触热阻的复合黏结材料的制备优化

基于提高吸附床的导热性能,研制一种可涂于吸附床与吸附剂之间降低接触热阻的耐高温耐腐蚀的高导热复合黏结材料。通过稳态试验研究导热填料、稀释剂与偶联剂等因素对复合黏结材料热导率的影响,采用正交试验方法优化复合黏结材料的配制方案。研究结果表明:复合黏结材料的导热性能随着Al₂O₃导热填料的质量分数的增加而提高,采用10 μm Al₂O₃导热填料粒子的导热性能略高于采用35 μm Al₂O₃导热填料粒子的复合黏结材料,10 μm Al₂O₃导热填料粒子用质量分数8%的偶联剂处理,复合黏结材料的热导率最高。采用适当配比的导热填料、稀释剂与偶联剂能显著提高复合黏结材料的热导率。     

基于SVM-GA模型的城市天然气长期负荷预测

天然气长期负荷预测能够解决城市燃气供需不平衡的问题,为城市燃气公司的管理运行提供帮助。为了提高天然气长期负荷的预测精度,提出了基于SVM-GA(SupportVectorMachines-GeneticAlgorithm)的天然气长期负荷预测模型。分析确定影响天然气用气量的相关因素,应用遗传算法和交叉验证方法分别对支持向量机模型的惩罚因子c 及核函数参数g 进行优化,以期提高支持向量机模型的预测精度,将优化后的参数输入支持向量机模型中,进行天然气长期负荷预测。以某省实际的样本数据为例,将SVM-GA模型的预测结果与SVM 和交叉验证法结合模型及BP(BackPropagation)神经网络模型的预测结果进行比较分析。结果表明,SVM-GA 预测模型分别比SVM 和交叉验证法结合预测模型和BP神经网络模型在衡量预测精度的相对均方误差、归一化均方误差、归一化绝对平方误差、归一化均方根误差、最大绝对误差五个指标分别高0.58%、3.98%、2.99%、4.58%、8.64%和6.13%、26.28%、19.71%、21.09%、31.48%。因此支持向量机与遗传算法相结合的模型能够较准确地预测天然气长期负荷。     

岩体超声波测试探头耦合方法的改进

简述了超声波测试岩体松动圈的方法,通过超声波反射率理论分析了探头耦合的作用机理,讨论了水耦合探头遇到仰孔、吸水膨胀孔、水渗漏严重孔等时存在的问题;对封口注水耦合法、乳膏类耦合法、囊耦合法进行了对比分析,提出了一种三胶囊超声波探头耦合方法,并成功应用于中煤平朔煤业责任有限公司的工程实践中。应用结果表明,该方法简单、方便、易行。     

微反应器控制的化学反应的选择性

研究利用分子筛、Ｎａｆｉｏｎ薄膜、低密度聚乙烯薄膜和囊泡作为微反应器控制有机光化学反应的方向,提高反应的选择性和可能性。在ＮａＹ沸石或低密度聚乙烯薄膜中,带有长烷基链或醚链的二芳基化合物光二聚只生成分子内的加成产物,而不生成分子间的加成产物,从而在底物浓度很大的情况下,高选择性地合成了大环化合物。通过控制底物和敏化剂分子在ＺＳＭ－５沸石、Ｎａｆｉｏｎ薄膜和囊泡中的分布高选择性地控制烯烃光敏氧化反应     

锡偶联型SSBR的动态行为

研究了锡产型ＳＳＢＲ混炼胶及其硫化胶的动态力学性能,并与ＥＳＢＲ做了对比。结果表明,锡偶联型ＳＳＢＲ混炼胶比ＥＳＢＲ,的弛豫速度快,挤出胀在效应小,塑／弹比随频率减小的幅度大;锡偶联型ＳＳＢＲ硫化胶的ｔａｎδ比ＥＳＢＲ的小,生热低;日本产牌号为ＳＬ５５２胶料的ｔａｎδ随形变而增值幅度小的现象的体现了锡偶联结构有助于炭黑的高度分散及提高大分子与炭黑间结合强度。     

TL9304色谱工作站在环境监测中的应用

介绍ＩＬ９３０４工作站在环境空气中了相色谱联机,春多通道、互不影响、远程控制、随时改变参数,实现数据处理及打印结果,自动绘制标准曲线,绎气相色谱仪监控、监测数据计算机网络化等优势,解决了以记录仪数据处理所不能解决的问题。     

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over hexaaluminate ANiAl11O19-delta (A = Ca, Sr, Ba and La) catalysts

A series of A‐modified hexaaluminates, ANiAl₁₁O_19-δ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba and La) as new catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas, were prepared by decomposition of nitrates and calcination at high temperature. Nickel ions as active component were inlayed in the hexaaluminate lattices to substitute part of Al ions. The structure and properties of these samples were characterized using XRD, XPS, TPR and TGA techniques. The series of hexaaluminates exhibited significantly catalytic activity and stability at high temperature, for instance at 780°C for 18 h, the conversion of CH₄ and CO₂ was kept over 91.0 and 93.7%, respectively, meanwhile no Ni sintering, phase transformation and catalyst deactivation due to carbon deposition were found. Besides, the modifier A in the mirror plane layer of the lattices showed different effects on reducibility and catalytic activity of transition metal Ni in the hexaaluminate lattices. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

陶瓷膜处理餐饮废水的膜化学清洗再生

研究了用陶瓷膜处理餐饮污水和污染后膜的化学清洗再生 ,考察了单种清洗剂和综合清洗的效果以及清洗时间、清洗剂浓度对清洗效果的影响。得出了有效的清洗方法 ,膜通量能够从 46.9L· m- 2· h- 1恢复到 1 50L· m- 2 · h- 1。