Sn-6Bi合金熔体结构转变对凝固组织的影响

通过研究Sn-6Bi合金熔体电阻率随温度的变化规律,发现在不同的温度区间合金发生了两种不同类型的液液结构转变,即高温阶段(890～1095℃)不可逆转变和低温阶段(645℃)的可逆液液结构转变。分析认为可逆的液液结构转变是由四面体结构的Sn-Sn共价键团簇的打破和重聚引起的,而不可逆液液结构转变是由(Bi)n原子集团、亚稳态的Sn原子团簇引起的。根据这一结果进行凝固试验,发现当熔体经历过温度诱导结构转变后会使凝固过冷度增大,凝固时间延长,凝固过程中释放的凝固潜热略微减少,凝固组织明显细化。     

高氮量硝化棉的脱硝反应动力学研究(英文)

用实时测定凝聚相分解产物的固体原位反应池/快速扫描傅立叶变换红外光谱热技术研究了高氮量硝化棉(14.14%N)的脱硝反应动力学。该反应的动力学参数(活化能和指前因子)用改良的Coats-Redfern法计算。根据所得结果,提出了在403～465K温度范围内描述高氮量硝化棉脱硝反应的微分动力学方程。     

Microstructure and Properties of Micro-Alloyed Mg-2.0Nd-0.2Sr by Heat Treatment and Extrusion

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have broad application prospects in the fields such as biomedical materials and automobile manufacturing. A micro-alloyed Mg-2.0Nd-0.2Sr (wt.%) magnesium alloy is designed and obtained through semicontinuous casting. The evolution of microstructures and tensile properties are investigated with different heat treatments and extrusion treatments. The grain sizes decrease significantly after extrusion, thus changing the fracture mode during the tensile testing process. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of the properly processed extrusion alloy (referred to as MNS-E2) reach to 247 MPa, 228 MPa and 24%, respectively. The dramatical improvement of mechanical properties results from the refined grains and interactions between dislocations and precipitates. Some nanoparticle bands blocking the slippage and movement of dislocations are also found in the MNS-E2 alloy. The above causes combined result in an integrated effect of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening and nanoparticle band strengthening. The contribution of strengthening mechanisms of MNS-E2 alloy consists of grain boundary with around 96 MPa, dislocations with around 3.4 MPa, precipitation strengthening with around 45 MPa and the nanoparticle band with around 18 MPa, respectively.     

Compressive and energy absorption properties of closed-cell magnesium foams

The quasi-static compressive mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of closed-cell magnesium foams were studied, and the effects of the density of magnesium foams on the compressive and energy absorption properties were also discussed. The results show that the compressive process of closed-cell magnesium foams is characterized by three deformation stages: linear elastic stage, collapsing stage and densification stage. At the linear elastic stage, the peak compressive strength (σ ₀) and Young’s modulus (E ₀) increase as the density increases. Magnesium foams can absorb energy at the collapsing stage. In a certain strain range, the energy absorption capacity also increases as the density of magnesium foams increases.     

关于最大限度提高炼油厂油品收率加工方案研究

分析了炼油厂采用不同工艺路线的加工方案,探讨了最大限度提高炼油厂油品收率的各种有效途径,指出提高油品收率是提升企业经济效益的重要方面。     

2A06铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层摩擦学特性

采用微弧氧化技术,以硅酸盐为主要电解液,在2A06铝合金表面制备出高硬度、高耐磨性的微弧氧化陶瓷膜。用扫描电镜观测膜层的显微结构,用X射线衍射分析其相组成,并对膜层进行耐磨损和抗冲蚀试验。结果表明,氧化时间越长,2A06铝合金表面陶瓷层越厚,陶瓷层粗糙度也越高。陶瓷层由过渡层、致密层和疏松层组成。过渡层与基体和致密层结合紧密。致密层的相组成主要为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3,疏松层的相组成主要为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3以及Al6Si2O3。致密层中的α-Al2O3相的含量远高于疏松层。从试样边缘到试样中心硬度逐渐降低,最高硬度出现在试样表面边缘向内5～20 mm处,平均HV硬度可达20.96 GPa。2A06铝合金的耐磨性比较差,磨轮转速从100 r/min增至400 r/min时,磨损量不断增加且呈线性分布。微弧氧化制备的陶瓷层磨损量在磨损开始时(100 r/min)稍高,磨轮转速到600 r/min时磨损量趋于稳定,磨轮转速到1600 r/min时磨损量仍然呈现较低水平。陶瓷层的冲蚀体积损失率也远低于2A06铝合金基体。     

炼厂硫腐蚀的典型案例分析及解决措施

通过硫在不同温度与环境下对金属材料腐蚀的典型案例分析，简述其腐蚀机理与解决,工对今后炼厂高硫油加工提出进一步建议。     

电化学扫描探针显微镜在腐蚀电化学研究中的应用

从电化学扫描探针显微镜（ECSPM）的工作原理出发，综述了近几年电化学扫描探针显微镜在腐蚀电化学领域的研究进展，指出电化学扫描探针显微镜在原位，局部腐蚀，腐蚀早期过程等电化学中有重要的应用价值。     

HDPE chelate membranes prepared by preirradiation grafting for adsorption of heavy metal ions

A new chelate membrane was prepared by grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto high‐density polyethylene membranes and subsequent amination of poly‐GMA graft chains. The effects of grafting conditions such as radiation dose and temperature on grafting yield were studied. Effects of various parameters such as grafting yield, pH, and adsorption time on the metal uptake were investigated. The results show that the maximum metal uptake followed as given in the order Cr (III)>Fe (III)>Cu (II)>Cd (II). The metal uptake increased with grafting yield, adsorption time, pH of the medium, and initial concentration. The chelated metal ions are easily desorbed with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid at room temperature. The results obtained from the chelate membrane showed a promising application in extraction of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Mechanism of a New Type of Wrought Ni–Fe–Cr–Al Superalloy up to 1300°C

The oxidation behavior of a new type of wrought Ni–Fe–Cr–Alsuperalloy has been investigated systematically in the temperature range of1100 to 1300°C. Results are compared with those of alloy 214, Inconel600, and GH 3030. It is shown that the oxidation resistance of the newsuperalloy is excellent and much better than that of the comparisonalloys. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments reveal that the excellentoxidation resistance of the new superalloy is due to the formation of adense, stable and continuous Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ oxide layer at hightemperatures. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) shows that the formationof Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ oxide layers on the new superalloy reaches a maximum at1060 and 1356°C, respectively. The Cr2O3 layer peels off easily, and thesingle dense Al₂O₃ layer remains, giving good oxidation resistance attemperatures higher than 1150°C. In addition, the new superalloypossesses high mechanical strength at high temperatures. On-site testsshowed that the new superalloy has ideal oxidation resistance and can beused at high temperatures up to 1300°C in various oxidizing andcorrosion atmospheres, such as those containing SO₂, CO₂ etc., for longperiods.