Utilization of Heavy Metal Molten Salts in the ARIES-RS Fusion Reactor

ARIES-RS is one of the major magnetic fusion energy reactor designs that uses a blanket having vanadium alloy structure cooled by lithium [<cite>1cite>, <cite>2cite>]. It is a deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion driven reactor, having a fusion power of 2170 MW [<cite>1cite>, <cite>2cite>]. This study presents the neutronic analysis of the ARIES-RS fusion reactor using heavy metal molten salts in which Li₂BeF₄ as the main constituent was mixed with increased mole fractions of heavy metal salt (ThF₄ or UF₄) starting by 2 mol.% up to 12 mol.%. Neutron transport calculations were carried out with the help of the SCALE 4.3 system by solving the Boltzmann transport equation with the XSDRNPM code in 238 neutron groups and a S ₈–P ₃ approximation. According to the numerical results, tritium self-sufficiency was attained for the coolants, Flibe with 2% UF₄ or ThF₄ and 4% UF₄. In addition, higher energy multiplication values were found for the salt with UF₄ compared to that with ThF₄. Furthermore, significant amount of high quality nuclear fuel was produced to be used in external reactors.     

Modification of PROMETHEUS Reactor as a Fusion Breeder and Fission Product Transmuter

This study presents the analyses of the fissile breeding and long-lived fission product (LLFP) transmutation potentials of PROMETHEUS reactor. For this purpose, a fissile breeding zone (FBZ) fueled with the ceramic uranium mono-carbide (UC) and a LLFP transmutation zone (TZ) containing the ⁹⁹TC and ¹²⁹I and ¹³⁵Cs isotopes are separately placed into the breeder zone of PROMETHEUS-H design. The neutronic calculations are performed by using two different computer codes, the XSDRNPM/SCALE4.4a neutron transport code and the MCNP4B Monte Carlo code. A range of analyses are examined to determine the effects of the FF, the fraction of ⁶Li in lithium (Li) and the theoretical density (TD) of Li₂O in the tritium breeder zone (TBZ) on the neutronic parameters. It is observed that the numerical results obtained from both codes are consistent with each other. It is carried out that the profiles of fission power density (FPD) are flattened individually for each FF (from 3 to 10%). Only, in the cases of FF ≥ 8%, the system is self sufficient from the point of view of tritium generation. The results bring out that the modified PROMETHEUS fusion reactor has capabilities of effective fissile breeding and LLFP transmutation, as well as the energy generation.     

SURFACE INTEGRITY IN THE MACHINING OF SOFT MAGNETIC NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS

With the rapid developments taking place in the electrical and electronic industries, soft magnetic materials are finding increasing application. Degradation of machined surfaces due to the mechanisms of surface formation when machining under geometrically defined cutting conditions lead to a corresponding deterioration in the magnetic properties of soft magnetic nickel-iron alloys. Graphical simulation techniques have been applied in order to study the interactive mechanics associated with the single point machining operation. Both the outcome of this simulation as well as the conclusions of experimental investigations into the milling of the soft magnetic nickel-iron alloy MUMETALL are the subject of this paper. The influence of machining on the topographical, the mechanical/ physical and the metallurgical properties of the surface and subsurface layer for the face milling operation using tungsten carbide cutting tools is discussed.     

The effects of levcromakalim and pinacidil on the human internal mammary artery

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of pinacidil and levcromakalim, two potassium, channel openers, on human internal mammary artery (HIMA) obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, and to clarify the contribution of different K+ channel subtypes in pinacidil and levcromakalim action in this blood vessel. Pinacidil and levcromakalim induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the precontracted arterial segments (pEC50 = 5.77 +/- 0.05 and 6.89 +/- 0.03, respectively), 4-Aminopyridine (3 mM), a non-selective blocker of K+ channels, induced significant shifts to the right of the concentration-response curves for pinacidil and levcromakalim. Tetraethylammonium (6 mM), charybdotoxin (0.4 microM) and apamin (0.1 microM), blockers of Ca(2+)-sensitive K+ channels, had no effect on the pinacidil- and levcromakalim-evoked relaxation. Glibenclamide (0.1-10 microM), a selective blocker of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels, competitively antagonized the response to levcromakalim (pKB = 7.92 +/- 0.07). In contrast, glibenclamide, in significantly higher concentrations (3-30 microM), non-competitively antagonized the response to pinacidil. High concentrations of pinacidil (> 10 microM) relaxed arterial rings bathed by a medium containing 100 mM K+ with maximum response 83 +/- 6%. Under the same conditions, the maximum levcromakalim-induced relaxation on HIMA was almost abolished (15 +/- 2%). It is concluded that pinacidil and levcromakalim do not relax the HIMA through the same subtype of K+ channel. ATP-sensitive K+ channels are probably involved in levcromakalim- but not in a pinacidil-induced relaxation in the HIMA. In addition, in pinacidil-induced relaxation of the HIMA, K+ channel-independent mechanisms seem to be involved.     

Energy-efficient and fault-tolerant drone-BS placement in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless Networks - This paper introduces a distributed and energy-aware algorithm, called Minimum Drone Placement (MDP) algorithm, to determine the minimum number of base stations mounted on...     

三维压电陶瓷的断裂

基于三维压电陶瓷中的一般平片裂纹前沿的位移,应力和应力强度因子的表达式,求得局部机械能率,以此建立了压电陶瓷的断裂准则。作为特例,将此准则应用于二维问题,所得结果与已有结果基本一致。     

Einfluß der Konfiguration der Fettsäuren auf die Eigenschaften von Seife

Effect of Fatty Acid Configuration on the Properties of Soap The effect of configuration of the hydrophobic chain of fatty acids C₁₀–C₁₈ on the properties of their alkali salts was studied. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on critical micelle concentration (CMC) and on alteration of surface tension at CMC, as well as the effect of chain length of the hydrophobic part on CMC were determined. At the same time, the effect of double and cis-trans configuration on CMC was studied. Also the foaming ability of the individual soaps and foam stability as well as the stability of the soaps were investigated.     

Parametrische Kerbspannungsuntersuchung am elastischen Kern

Zusammenfassung Für die zugbeanspruchte Scheibe mit elastischem Rechteck-bzw. Rhombuskern wird der Einfluß der Kernstifigkeit und der geometrischen Parameter auf die Kerbspannungen nach Finit-Element-Verfahren bestimmt. Die errechneten Formzahlen werden im Grenzfall c="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">Öffnungc="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> und c="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">starrer Kernc="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> mit einer funktionentheoretischen Lösung verglichen. Die Kernsteifigkeit bestimmt die Höhe der Kerbspannungen, deren Verteilung von der Form des Kerns und der Belastung der Scheibe vorgegeben wird.

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ckquote>Parametrical investigation of notch stresses at an elastic coreckquote>ckquote>Summary The influence of the geometrical parameters on the stress concentration is determined with finite element methods for the disc under tension with an elastic rectangular or rhombic core. The calculated stress concentration factors are compared with the function analysis stress concentration factors in the limiting cases c="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">cut-outc="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> and c="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">rigid corec="/content/q46r8425lxm7g3m6/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">. The core stiffness is essential for the value of the notch stresses, the distribution of which is given by the shape of the core and the loading of the disc.ckquote>

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Mit 9 Abbildungen     

An AI framework and a metamodel for collaborative situations: Application to crisis management contexts

Identifying, designing, deploying and maintaining accurate collaborative networks of organizations (e.g. responders in a crisis situation) are key activities in nowadays ecosystems. However, there is a lack regarding formal approaches dedicated to characterize collaborative networks of organizations. Formal descriptions of collaborative situations, that could be used, transformed, computed and exploited would be of great benefit for the quality of such collaborative networks. This article presents a model‐based AI framework for describing collaborative situations and the associated formal metamodel dedicated to be instantiated to characterize collaborative situations in a very wide range of application domains. This metamodel (describing collaborative situation between organizations) is structured according to four complementary dimensions: the context (social, physical and geographical environment), the partners (the involved organizations, their capabilities resources and relations), the objectives (the aims of the network, the goals to be the achieved and the risks to avoid, etc.) and the behaviour (the collaborative processes to be implemented by the partners to achieve the objectives in the considered context). Besides, this metamodel can be extended for some precise application domains. This article focuses on this mechanism in the specific context of crisis management.