空心玻璃微球镍镀层的制备及其电磁性能

采用化学镀技术在低密度玻璃微球表面沉积了一层Ni镀层,制备了具有导电性和磁性的Ni镀层/玻璃微球壳-核复合粉体.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对化学镀前后玻璃微球的结构、表面形貌以及成分进行了分析.结果表明,化学镀后玻璃微球表面包覆了一层均匀致密的Ni薄膜,厚度约为0.2μm,镍具有面心立方结构.使用波导法在8～12GHz波段内对化学镀前后的微球进行了介电常数和磁导率测试.电磁性能研究表明,玻璃微球化学镀镍后电磁损耗增大,显示出作为电磁波吸收材料的应用前景.     

Effect of electropolishing on electrochemical behaviours of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

The electrochemical behaviours of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al after electropolishing in a self-developed electrolyte in comparison with conventional grinding were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Optical microscopy (OM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the surface characteristics of the alloy.It was found from the EIS experiments that the polarization resistance (Rp) was increased,the double layer capacitance (Qc) was decreased and the electrochemical impedance of the alloy was enhanced by electropolishing.The electropolished surface was flat,smooth and bright and its roughness was 3.310 nm.To underline the advantage of electropolishing process against grinding to provide the anodic oxidation process with a higher quality substrate,the ground and electropolished titanium alloys were anodized in parallel under the same conditions.The corrosion behaviours of the two kinds of anodized titanium alloys were compared.It was revealed that electropolishing generated a high quality substrate and improved the corrosion resistance of anodic oxide film formed on titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al.Furthermore,the mechanism of electropolishing improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film was proposed.     

石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料研究进展

石墨烯基复合材料因其优异的性能广泛应用于各个领域,尤其在超级电容器的研究中。本文对石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料的结构进行了分类,并分别从石墨烯-碳基复合材料、石墨烯-导电高分子复合材料、石墨烯-过渡金属化合物复合材料的角度,总结了不同石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料的研究进展,重点强调了优化电极结构和提高电极性能之间的关系。同时,概述了石墨烯基复合材料在锂离子电池、太阳能电池、催化等其他方面的应用。获得高能量密度、功率密度以及长循环寿命的超级电容器是其作为电极材料的发展趋势。     

基于氧化铝模板直接电沉积法镍纳米线的制备与表征

在未氧化铝和氧化铝之间经过降压剪薄阻挡层直接进行电沉积,采用不同电压进行电沉积制备了镍纳米线,并采用SEM,TEM和X射线衍射对所制备的镍纳米线进行了表征,研究了电沉积电压对纳米线结构的影响。结果表明：镍纳米线的外形决定于氧化铝模板的形貌,其直径和最大长度分别依赖于模板孔洞的直径和长度,当电沉积电压为1,1.5和2V时制备的镍纳米线为多晶结构,随着电沉积电压的升高,镍纳米线为沿[220]择优取向的单晶结构（电沉积电压分别为3V和4V）,当电沉积电压进一步升高时,择优取向由[220]转为[111]方向（电沉积电压5V）。     

Electrochemical modification process of anodic alumina membrane

The modification procedure of anodic alumina membrane（AAM） was studied. The AAM structure after modification was characterized by nickel nanowires prepared in AAM. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the topography and structure properties of the AAM and nickel nanowires. The transformation of the current during the voltage reduction was studied. The mechanism of current and structure change during modification was discussed. The results show that a root structure produces aider the AAM modification. The length of the root structure depends on the velocity of the voltage reduction. Slow voltage reduction leads to a large length of the root structure, otherwise, a short length of the root structure. At the end of the modification, the barrier layer is thin enough to be passed by electrons. Hence, the direct electrodeposition of one-dimensional nanowires can be carried out on the AAM with barrier layer and aluminum matrix successfully without any other treatments.     

霉菌对醇酸树脂的侵蚀及百菌清的防霉作用研究

通过霉菌实验,研究霉菌侵蚀对醇酸树脂涂层外观和性能的影响规律以及百菌清(TPN)的加入对霉变的抑制作用。采用体式显微镜观察涂层长霉情况。扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜观察去除霉菌后涂层微观形貌。电化学交流阻抗谱法(EIS)研究霉菌实验后涂层耐蚀性变化。测试结果显示随霉菌实验时间增加,涂层微观表面粗糙度、起伏度增大,霉菌生长厚重区域有坑蚀产生,涂层耐蚀性下降。     

相变蓄热冷凝热回收实验研究

当今能源紧缺问题严重,回收空调冷凝热用来制备生活热水可以节约部分能源,因此设计制作了相变蓄热冷凝热回收系统,并进行了相变蓄热实验、空调运行及有无相变蓄热器运行参数对比实验、蓄热器放热实验及冷水温升与流量的关系实验、空调运行制取热水实验。可以看出,利用在空调系统中增加相变蓄热器的方法可以有效回收空调机组的冷凝显热。空调系统在增加蓄热装置后,运行状况良好。相变蓄热器放热过程中,大流量情况下冷水的温升偏小。如放热过程中空调机组同时运行,可以相应提高冷水升高的温度。     

Comparative Study on Chemical Stripping of Titanium Oxide Films Formed on Titanium Alloy

采用两种不含氢氟酸或氟化物的溶液(ⅰ过氧化氢和硫酸,ⅱ过氧化氢和氢氧化钠)对比研究钛合金阳极氧化膜的退除行为。采用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱分析氧化膜退除前后的形貌和结构,采用原子力显微镜表征样品表面三维形貌和粗糙度。结果表明:氧化膜均能被这两种溶液退除,但溶液ⅰ退除后表面会有残余氧化物。两种退膜方法均明显受钛合金基体微观结构的影响,条状α相和β相较易受溶液ⅰ影响,而等轴α相更易被溶液ⅱ溶解。溶液ⅱ退除后的表面明显比溶液ⅰ退除后的表面平整。相对于ⅰ,溶液ⅱ更环保,效果更好。     

钛酸钡/钡铁氧体核/壳粒子的电磁性能

在以尿素为沉淀剂制备钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)/钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)核/壳粒子的基础上, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子前驱物及BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的形貌、结构和成份进行了表征, 采用网络矢量分析仪对BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的电磁特性进行了研究. 结果表明, 均匀共沉淀制得的BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉粒子呈现核/壳结构, BaFe₁₂O₁₉壳层对BaTiO₃的包覆均匀、完整、光滑; 在2~7GHz, BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的ε′和ε″分别为10.7~17.0和0.3~0.6, 均高于BaTiO₃. ε′和ε″的增大是核/壳结构所引起的界面极化加强的结果; BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子出现了BaTiO₃所没有的磁性能, 其μ′和μ″在2~7GHz远远高于BaTiO3, 表现出了较为明显的磁损耗, 这与磁性BaFe₁₂O₁₉壳层的包覆有关.