Study on mechanical properties of warm compacted iron-base materials

Mechanical properties of the warm compacted iron-base powder metallurgy materials were compared with those of conventional cold compacted materials. Factors such as compaction temperature, lubricant concentration and lubricant′s property were studied. A lubricant for warm compaction powder metallurgy was developed. An iron-based powder metallurgy material with a green density of 7.31 g/cm3 (a relative density of 92.5%) can be obtained by pressing the powder at 700 MPa and 175 ℃. The sintered materials have a density of 7.2 g/cm3, an elongation of 2.1% and a tensile strength of 751 MPa compared to 546 MPa using conventional cold compaction with the same lubricant and 655 MPa using warm compaction with other lubricant. Compact density and mechanical properties were influenced strongly by the compacting temperature. Although the best quality compacts can be obtained at 175 ℃, warm compaction within 165 to 185 ℃ can give high density compacts. Evidence shows that compact density depends on the friction coefficient of the lubricant.     

Squeeze casting of Al-Cu alloy

In order to use the cast method to replace forge method in producing the load-bearing wheel used in certain heavy duty vehicle, simplified and reduced size load-bearing wheels were squeeze cast and studied using Al-Cu alloy. Tensile properties, hardness, microstructures and morphologies of the squeeze-cast wheels were investigated. The results show that the finer microstructure, higher density, strength, toughness and hardness were achieved through the squeeze casting. Ultimate tensile strength of 428 MPa, yield strength of 360 MPa, elongation of 13.1% were achieved for T5 heat-treated squeeze-cast wheels. The Brinell hardness of squeeze-cast wheels is from HB 120 to HB 137.     

Numerical simulation of warm compacted synchronous pulley

A new mechanical model for warm powder compaction was presented. Warm compaction process of iron-based powder was investigated to deal with the existence of elastic, plastic and thermal strains. A coupled mechanical and thermal model was developed based on ellipsoidal yield criterion and continuum theory. The constitutive equations were integrated into the constitutive integral arithmetic and solved employing incremental iterative solution strategy. The flow stress model of iron powder was nonlinearly fitted according to uniaxial warm compaction. The constitutive model was implemented into user-subroutines of MSC.Marc. With the equations, algorithms and programs developed, the compaction procedures of a complex synchronous pulley were simulated. Two different compaction schemes with different punch displacements were tested and the relative density distribution was obtained. Comparison with experimental data shows that the homogeneity of green compact is greatly affected by the compaction mode. The simulation results agree with the experiments very well.     

Sinter-hardening properties of partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo-C material prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction

The sinter-hardening properties of a partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-2Cu-2Ni- 1Mo- 1C material were investigated. Samples were formed by die wall lubricated warm compaction method, then, sintered in hydrogen atmosphere at 1 150 ℃ for 1 h and cooled at 4.6, 2.9 and 1.5 ℃/s, respectively, from 900 ℃ down to 600℃. Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and microstructure of the material were discussed. The results show that when the cooling rate increases, the tensile strength of the material increases, while, the elongation shows opposite result. The sintered material has a tensile strength of 872 MPa and an apparent hardness of HB 257 at a cooling rate of 4.6 ℃/s. Slight shrinkage is observed. Heterogeneous microstructures containing martensite, bainite, pearlite and nickel-rich retained austenite are observed in the material. Higher martensite content can be obtained at higher cooling rate, while, at lower cooling rate, pearlite and retained austenite dominated the microstructure.     

Die wall lubricated warm compaction of iron-based powder metallurgy material

Lubricant is harmful to the mechanical properties of the sintered materials,Die wall lubrication was applied on warm compaction powder metallurgy in the hope of reducing the concentration level of the admixed lubricant.Iron-based samples were prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction at 175℃,using a compacting pressure of 550MPa.Emulsified polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) was used as die wall lubricant.Admixed lubricant concentration ranging from 0 to 0.5% was tested.Extremely low admixed lubricant contents were used.Results show that in addition to the decrease in ejection forces,the green density of the compacts increases with the decrease of admixed lubricant content until it reaches the maximum at 0.06% of lubrcant content,then decreases with the decrease of admixed lubricant content.The mechanical properties of the sintered compacts that contain more than 0.06% admixed lubricant are better than those of the samples that contain lesser lubricant.No scoring was observed in all die wall lubricated experiments.     

国际粉末冶金行业现状与发展趋势--2000年国际粉末冶金与颗粒材料会议

1　会议概况由ＭｅｔａｌＰｏｗｄｅｒＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓＦｅｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎ和ＡＰＭＩＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ共同主办的一年一度大型国际会议ＰＭ2 ＴＥＣ 2 0 0 0于 2 0 0 0年 5月 30日至 6月 3日在美国纽约市举行。有来自 30多个国家的 160 0多位专业人士参加 ,创历年最高。其中大部分是来自工业界的主管人员和从事产品开发及研究的工程师 ,亦有知名学府的教授及研究人员 ,还有来自美国著名的诺斯亚拉莫斯国家实验室 (ＬｏｓＡｌａｍｏｓＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ)和山地亚国家实验室 (ＳａｎｄｉａＮａｔｉｏｎａ…     

铁基粉末流动温压工艺中热脱脂动力学分析

采用流动温压工艺,以铁基粉末为原料、石蜡基聚合物为黏结剂成功制备出十字坯试样;在不同热脱脂速率下脱除聚合物黏结剂,利用热重分析（thermogravimetric analysis,TGA）法研究黏结剂在N₂气氛下的热脱脂行为,采用微分法计算脱脂过程动力学相关参数,改进脱脂工艺;借助优化后的脱脂工艺对压坯进行脱脂,并在1300℃烧结获得烧结坯,对烧结坯的烧结收缩率、密度分布、微观组织进行研究。结果表明:聚合物黏结剂的脱除共有2个阶段,激活能为31.3~72.7 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为0.96×106~1.14×1010 min-1;脱脂第1阶段的激活能整体上均低于第2阶段的激活能,说明脱脂第1阶段中的低分子组元更易脱除,保证脱脂质量的关键因素是控制第1阶段的升温速率。