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The article explores the relationship between the cost and the quality of hospital care by elaborating a conceptual model of hospital performance. The model relates the financial health status of an organization (financial integrity) to the quality of care provided by that organization (clinical integrity) within an environment that is characterized by various forms of risk. The model suggests that both concepts determine the corporate destiny (success, bankruptcy, or merger) of the organization. If this model proves valid empirically, the results could be used as an early warning system to identify hospitals that might experience financial or clinical distress. 相似文献
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AA Schreiber K Frei W Lichtensteiger M Schlumpf 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,38(3-4):265-272
Prenatal exposure to diazepam and other benzodiazepines (BDZ) has been found to result in a marked reduction of T-lymphocyte proliferation during postnatal development of rats. In search for pathogenic changes underlying this effect, we investigated the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by mixed splenocytes of male offspring from Long Evans rats treated with 1.25 mg/kg per day diazepam from gestational day 14 to 20. In response to LPS, TNF-alpha release was found to be significantly lower in mixed splenocytes of two- and four-week-old treated than in control offspring. However, at eight weeks of age, prenatally diazepam-treated animals showed a significantly higher LPS-induced TNF-alpha release than control rats. Since monocytes/macrophages represent a major source of TNF-alpha, additional experiments were performed on purified spleen macrophages and lymphocytes stimulated with LPS. TNF-alpha release was only detectable in supernatants of adherent spleen macrophages and not in supernatants of lymphocytes. Thus, our data indicate that a disturbance in TNF-alpha release from macrophages is involved in the deficient immune response of prenatally diazepam-exposed rats. 相似文献
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LV Osadchuk VV Gul'tiaeva AA Filimonenko L Jalkanen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,82(5-6):102-108
15.7% of spermatozoa were found to be abnormal in silver fox males during their first reproductive season. The total number of spermatozoa and the abnormal spermatogenesis remained unchanged during mating season. Sexual stimulation increased the testosterone level only at the beginning of the mating season. 相似文献
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AA Sazanov LA Alekseevich AL Sazanova AF Smirnov 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,32(7):869-878
Various molecular methods are now used to map the chicken genome, including chromosome scraping, flow cytofluorimetry, zonal centrifugation, construction of chromosome-specific libraries, genetic analysis with polymorphic DNA markers, and in situ hybridization. Two main drawbacks are characteristic of existing maps of chicken chromosomes. First, classic genetic maps (i.e., linkage groups of genes for morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters), physical maps of chromosomes, and new genetic maps constructed on the basis of polymorphic DNA markers (RFLP, RAPD, VNTR, SSR, and CR1-PCR) do not coordinate with one another. Second, a relatively low number of genes is present in classic genetic maps and physical chromosome maps. Application of cytogenetic methods to chromosome mapping in birds is limited because of some specific features characteristic of the organization of avian genomes. For the same reason, studying the location and expression of avian genes is very important. Since mammalian and avian genomes differ in structure, revealing their possible common functional characteristics will provide for a better understanding of the general mechanisms that control biologically important characters in higher animals. 相似文献
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Ehsani M. Bilgic M.O. Khan S. Laskai L. Seung Gi Jeong 《Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》1995,10(4):511-518
The bang-bang controlled capacitor coupled converter (C3) is described in this paper. Due to the converter's inherent commutating property, the C3 can accommodate thyristors as well as high-power gate turn-off switches, due to zero-current switching transitions. The zero-current switching is achieved at no current stress increase, therefore, the topology is considered appropriate for high-power processing. DC and small signal AC models are derived for the bang-bang controlled C3, a design procedure is proposed, and simulation results are discussed. Finally, oscillograms from a proof of principle prototype circuit are presented 相似文献