North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology policy statement. The NASPE/BPEG defibrillator code

A new generic code, patterned after and compatible with the NASPE/BPEG Generic Pacemaker Code (NBG Code) was adopted by the NASPE Board of Trustees on January 23, 1993. It was developed by the NASPE Mode Code Committee, including members of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) and the British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group (BPEG). It is abbreviated as the NBD (for NASPE/BPEG Defibrillator) Code. It is intended for describing the capabilities and operation of implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in conversation, record keeping, and device labeling, and incorporates four positions designating: (1) shock location; (2) antitachycardia pacing location; (3) means of tachycardia detection; and (4) antibradycardia pacing location. An additional Short Form, intended only for use in conversation, was defined as a concise means of distinguishing devices capable of shock alone, shock plus antibradycardia pacing, and shock plus antitachycardia and antibradycardia pacing.     

Regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with heart failure: contribution of angiotensin II

This study evaluated the effects of stimulus repetition rate, phase, and frequency on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in normal-hearing neonates and adults. In both neonates and adults, the results clearly showed large ABR wave V latency differences between condensation and rarefaction for low-frequency stimuli. Phase dependent latency effects are believed to be a result of the phase-sensitive low-frequency neurons. Increasing stimulus repetition rate produced greater wave V latency shift in neonates than in adults. The consequences of rate changes were independent of stimulus phase and frequency.