Apoptosis (the 1992 Frank Rose Memorial Lecture)

Lymphocyte subset abnormalities have been observed in a series of patients diagnosed with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Fifteen patients with WG were evaluated for lymphocyte subset abnormalities by two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The WG group showed a decrease in CD4+ cells and an extraordinary increase in HLA-DR+ cells. The average percentages of HLA-DR+ cells of the normal group and WG group were 11.0 +/- 4.0 and 40.5 +/- 13.9% (CD3+HLA-DR+ = 20.3 + 9.4%). Within the CD8 family, CD8+57+, CD8+38+ and CD8+HLA-DR+ cells were markedly elevated. Our findings differ from other series which reported that the lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with WG were normal.     

Environmental information systems in malaria risk mapping and epidemic forecasting

Every year between one and two million African children under five die of malaria. If one adds to this the contribution of malaria to all-cause infant mortality then clearly the burden of the disease is catastrophic--a disaster quietly happening each and every year. New tools are needed urgently to support those currently available for control of the disease. An effective vaccine remains elusive. This article outlines the potential contribution to malaria control services of satellite information, which is being used by resource managers in other sectors. In particular, it highlights the lessons which can be learned from early warning systems in other areas, especially those designed to respond to famine. An appendix provides a brief introduction to satellite data and their interpretation.     

Breast abscess associated with Helcococcus kunzii

Helcococcus kunzii, a nonvirulent member of the human skin flora, has recently been implicated in causing infections in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of breast abscess associated with H. kunzii in an immunocompetant patient and discuss the criteria used in its identification and our observations of susceptibility testing for this species.     

Cloning and characterization of a mouse homologue (mNthl1) of Escherichia coli endonuclease III

The association patterns between maternal anthropometric characteristics (stature, prepregnancy weight, prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain) and newborn size (birth weight, length, head circumference) were tested with 10,240 single births taking place between 1985 and 1995 in Vienna, Austria, and 3,452 single births taking place between 1989 and 1995 in Westerstede-Ammerland (Friesland), northern Germany. Maternal size and newborn size differed highly significantly (p < 0.001) between the two genetically and socioeconomically different population groups. Furthermore, the incidence of macrosomia among newborns (birth weight greater than 4000 g) was extraordinarily high (17.9%) in the Frisian group from northern Germany. In both populations taller and heavier women with a higher weight gain during pregnancy gave birth to heavier offspring. Nevertheless, the pregnancy weight gain, which indicates environmental conditions of the mother, had only a minor impact on newborn size compared with stature and prepregnancy weight, which reflect the maternal genetic potential to a higher degree.     

Infantile psoriasis

We report 14 infants younger than 2 years of age with psoriasis vulgaris in order to call attention to the existence of infantile psoriasis. Three of the patients were noted to have psoriasis in the neonatal period; the onset may have been prenatal in one. In 13 of the 14 patients the site of onset was determined by the isomorphic effect (K?bners phenomenon). Although nail pitting is usually said to be infrequent in childhood psoriasis, 11 (79%) of our patients had typical psoriatic nail changes. Psoriasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of papulosquamous disorders in infants.