桥梁用耐候试验钢在中性干湿交替环境中的腐蚀行为

在3.5%NaCl中性干湿交替环境中,对高性能桥梁用耐候试验钢和其对比材料09CuPCrNi-A钢开展腐蚀试验,探讨其在模拟海洋大气环境下的初期腐蚀动力学曲线趋势及其腐蚀规律;利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析在腐蚀试验初期的不同阶段,高性能桥梁用耐候试验钢和其对比材料试样的表面形貌及微区成分,从而探讨它们在此种环境下的腐蚀反应历程。     

Influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of casting A1-Si-Cu aluminum alloy

This paper investigated the influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure development and mechanical properties for casting Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy.The microstructure of the as-cast samples was characterized by an optical microscope.The results showed that the dendrite arm spacing(DAS,λ) is well refined by pouring at a higher temperature.The λ decreases with increasing pouring temperature due to the multiplication of the nucleation sites in the superheating liquid melt,and the mechanical properties,such as microhardness and ultimate tensile strength increase correspondingly,while the elongation decreases.The relationships between microhardness and λ for the samples cooled in metal mould and sand mould,are given as HV=118.9 1.246λ and HV=115.2 1.029λ,respectively.The effects of the cooling rate controlled by using permanent mould casting and sand mould casing processes(the cooling medium is air and sand,respectively) on the dendrite arm spacing and mechanical properties are similar to the effect of the pouring temperature.     

韧性断裂准则在超高强钢辊弯成形工艺中的应用

对某牌号的超高强钢进行拉伸、弯曲、V型件辊弯成形试验,对比常用的6种韧性断裂准则,得出这6种韧性断裂准则均不能给出一个适用于板料各种工艺下断裂的固定临界值。根据辊弯成形工艺特点,采用Brozzo韧性断裂准则,预测相对弯曲半径R/T=2下的超高强钢辊弯成形的破裂现象。预测结果与实验结果表明,Brozzo韧性断裂准则可以应用于超高强钢辊弯成形中。     

自动轧管机组球形顶头的失效分析

利用宏观形貌分析、显微组织分析和力学性能测试等方法,对某无缝钢管厂生产的高铬白口铸铁球形顶头的失效进行了分析。分析表明,球形顶头畸变和开裂失效主要是由其组织中存在较多的缩孔和微裂纹缺陷,共晶碳化物呈粗大网状分布,Cr、Si含量过高且存在一定的成分偏析,高温组织稳定性较差等原因引起。同时提出了相应的改进措施建议。     

单层二氧化铪（HfO2）薄膜的特性研究

利用电子束蒸发、离子束辅助沉积和离子束反应溅射三种制备方法制备了单层HfO2薄膜,对薄膜样品的晶体结构、光学特性、表面形貌以及吸收特性进行了研究。实验结果表明,薄膜特性与制备工艺有着密切的关系。电子束蒸发和离子束反应溅射制备的薄膜为非晶结构,而离子束辅助制备的薄膜为多晶结构。电子束蒸发制备的薄膜折射率较低,薄膜比较疏松,表面粗糙度较小,吸收相对较小,而离子束辅助以及离子束反应溅射制备的薄膜折射率较高,薄膜的结构比较致密,但表面粗糙度较大,吸收相对较大。不同制备工艺条件下薄膜的光学能隙范围为5.30～5.43eV,对应的吸收边的范围为228.4～234.0nm。     

基于谱聚类波段选择的高光谱图像分类

高光谱图像在地物观测领域得到了广泛的应用。由于高光谱图像具有数据量大、波段间相关度高等特性,波段选择技术成为降低地物识别计算复杂度的重要方法。根据不同波段数据之间的非线性关系,提出了基于谱聚类(SC)的波段选择技术。该方法首先以波段图像为样本点生成近邻图和相似度矩阵,然后借助谱聚类方法将所有数据样本分成 k类,从中选择 k个代表波段参与后继的分类识别任务。实验数据表明,新方法减小了计算复杂度,提高了地物识别的精度。     

Amorphous nanosilicas induce consumptive coagulopathy after systemic exposure

We previously reported that well-dispersed amorphous nanosilicas with particle size 70 nm (nSP70) penetrate skin and produce systemic exposure after topical application. These findings underscore the need to examine biological effects after systemic exposure to nanosilicas. The present study was designed to examine the biological effects. BALB/c mice were intravenously injected with amorphous nanosilicas of sizes 70, 100, 300, 1000 nm and then assessed for survival, blood biochemistry, and coagulation. As a result, injection of nSP70 caused fatal toxicity, liver damage, and platelet depletion, suggesting that nSP70 caused consumptive coagulopathy. Additionally, nSP70 exerts procoagulant activity in vitro associated with an increase in specific surface area, which increases as diameter reduces. In contrast, nSP70-mediated procoagulant activity was absent in factor XII-deficient plasma. Collectively, we revealed that interaction between nSP70 and intrinsic coagulation factors such as factor XII, were deeply related to nSP70-induced harmful effects. In other words, it is suggested that if interaction between nSP70 and coagulation factors can be suppressed, nSP70-induced harmful effects may be avoided. These results would provide useful information for ensuring the safety of nanomaterials (NMs) and open new frontiers in biological fields by the use of NMs.     

pH对制备直接甲醇燃料电池新型Ir_xS_(1-x)-C阴极催化剂的影响

以柠檬酸钠为稳定剂,采用氯铱酸、亚硫酸钠、硼氢化钠等为反应物,利用浸渍还原法制备IrxS1-x-C(x=0.7)催化剂;采用粉末X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、旋转圆盘电极、循环伏安法等测试手段,对比样品在不同pH条件下所制备催化剂的性能。结果表明,当pH=5时,IrxS1-x-C催化剂物相不稳定,并且有杂相生成;当pH=11时,制得的IrxS1-x-C催化剂颗粒的粒度较小,分散性良好,且电化学性能相对优越。     

陶瓷材料烧结致密化过程的元胞自动机模拟

为研究陶瓷材料烧结致密化过程,以晶界能和晶界曲率生长驱动力理论为基础,建立了含有气孔的二相晶粒生长的元胞自动机模型,对陶瓷材料烧结致密化过程进行了模拟,并与制备的Al2O3/TiN陶瓷材料进行对比.结果表明,模型可有效地模拟陶瓷材料烧结时晶粒的生长及气孔的湮灭情况,能较好地再现烧结致密化过程,模拟结果与制备的陶瓷材料微观形貌组织十分接近.     

几种齿科合金生物相容性的比较

用银钯合金、镍铬合金、钴铬合金、2号合金的浸提液体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞(L929),以含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基作为阴性对照组。用5种浸提液分别培养L929细胞4 h、7 h、24 h、48 h后,用MTT法检测细胞增值率并计算caspase-3活化度。在荧光显微镜下观察48 h后各组细胞的状态。使用凋亡相关因子caspase-3的表达强度辅以时间梯度分析其与齿科合金生物相容性的相关性。结果表明:加样培养48 h后各实验组均有大量凋亡细胞,但是有明显的不同,在镍铬合金组内可见橙色坏死细胞;各组细胞的毒性为0级,其细胞增值率的排序为:钴铬合金组>2号合金组>银钯合金组>镍铬合金组;各实验组的Caspase-3活性有显著的差异(P<0.01),Caspase-3活化度由高到低的排序为:钴铬合金组>2号合金组银钯合金组>镍铬合金组。各时间点Caspase-3活化度也有显著的差异(P<0.01),其由大到小的排序为:4 h、48 h、7 h、24 h;这几种齿科合金生物相容性由高至低的排序为:钴铬合金>2号合金>银钯合金>镍铬合金。镍离子、银离子是影响其生物相容性的主要因素。在时间梯度的辅助下评价4种齿科合金生物相容性,Caspase-3与MTT的结果一致.