不同植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮及土壤呼吸的影响

对四种植被类型下土壤微生物量碳、氮、土壤呼吸速率以及代谢熵的研究,结果表明,土壤微生物量碳、氮以及土壤呼吸在四种植被类型间差异显著,而土壤微生物代谢熵之间差异不明显.且不同植被演替阶段土壤微生物量碳、氮从初级阶段到次生林阶段逐步增大,从次生林到成熟林阶段明显减小;土壤呼吸随着植被的正向演替,呼吸速率逐渐增强;四种植被类型间土壤微生物代谢熵在次生林中最低,为0.44 mgg-1 h-1,万熟林地中最高,为1.01 mgg-1 h-1,表明土壤微生物对土壤碳的利用效率次生林较高,成熟林地较低.     

基于DSP的相机标定系统设计

基于TI公司的TMS320DM643DSP芯片．完成了相机标定系统的总体设计。具体给出了系统硬件设计和系统软件设计．利用Tsai两步法实现了对相机的标定。标定算法使用C语言编程并在DEC643图像处理平台上验证和实现．充分利用了TMS320DM643强大的运算性能．有效地减轻了PC的运算负担。     

永磁直线同步电机电流检测系统设计

直线驱动系统由于机械结构简单而获得广泛应用.本文提出一种基于磁场平衡式霍尔电流传感器的永磁直线同步电机的电流检测系统及其实现方案.分析了电流检测系统的基本原理、电流信号的处理以及电流的过流保护的功能.实验结果验证了电流检测系统的有效性.     

利用80C196MC PTS 实现异步串行通信

异步串行通讯在单片机通讯中占据了相当重要的地位,因此大多教单片机都配备了UART来支持异步通讯.当单片机不支持UART时,利用别的方法实现异步串行通信就显得非常有意义.本文在分析异步串行通信规范的基础上,总结了实现异步串行通信的条件.然后深入讨论了80C196MC外设事务服务器实现异步串行通信的机理和时序.最后就异步串行通信编程实现中的一些要点和难点进行了分析.     

考虑死区的水轮机调节系统非线性自抗扰控制

针对含死区环节和机械时滞的水轮机调节系统,提出了一种改进状态误差反馈控制律的自抗扰控制方法。首先,考虑电液随动系统传动过程中存在的间隙特性,建立含非线性死区环节和机械时滞的水轮机调节系统数学模型。其次,通过坐标变换将具有死区和时延特性的状态空间方程转化为可控标准化数学模型。然后,引入PID积分环节,设计新型的自抗扰控制器,消除状态误差反馈控制律处理误差信号过程中出现的抖振现象。最终,基于Lyapunov稳定性定理,分析系统误差方程,证明了扩张状态观测器的收敛性。仿真结果表明,所提控制器在不同运行工况下的控制效果均优于PID控制和传统自抗扰控制,验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性,具有良好的参考价值。     

融合定位系统的变电站在线防误系统

针对变电站五防电脑钥匙在离线操作模式下存在的误操作和走空程隐患,以及操作人员误入带电间隔等风险,基于远距离无线电(long range radio, LoRa)通信技术和超宽带-载波相位差分(ultra wide band and real-time kinematic, UWB-RTK)定位技术,研发了一种融合定位系统的在线防误系统。智能电脑钥匙在倒闸操作前,通过LoRa通信链路实时请求防误主机校验逻辑规则,倒闸操作后向防误主机回传操作票验证执行结果。定位系统通过操作人员携带的一体化定位终端,采集人员位置信息并共享给防误主机。防误主机在执行操作票时,通过核对人员与被操作设备位置信息的匹配情况,解锁或闭锁电脑钥匙操作权限。测试结果表明,该系统实现了操作过程中设备、人员、操作各要素的在线监视和管控,可有效地降低倒闸操作的安全风险。     

基于定频MPC的飞跨电容储能双向直流变换器低频波动功率抑制策略

为抑制直流母线低频波动功率对储能系统的影响,以飞跨电容双向直流变换器为研究对象,提出基于单目标定频模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)低频波动功率抑制策略。为降低传统MPC算法的运算负荷,通过对变换器数学模型进行分析,提出一种单目标定频MPC控制算法。该算法仅需通过电感电流单目标约束函数,即可实现对系统电流及双端飞跨电容电压的控制,无须对两端飞跨电容电压进行独立寻优,极大地降低了计算量。为实现对储能系统低频波动功率的抑制,引入低频波动功率抑制算法,通过与所提MPC算法的融合,使最终控制方案能够在实现储能控制目标的前提下,具备低频波动功率抑制能力,且保持良好的动态性能。通过搭建小功率实验平台对所提控制策略的有效性进行了验证。     

碳量子点的生物应用:成像、载药与毒性

碳量子点作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有荧光性能优异、尺寸小、毒性低等诸多优势,因而具有良好的应用前景,尤其在生物医学领域有突出的应用价值,近年来引起了科研者们的广泛关注。在介绍碳量子点光学性质的基础上,重点综述了碳量子点在生物成像、诊疗剂应用及碳量子点生物毒性等方面的最新研究进展,并探讨了碳量子点未来的发展方向和前景。     

Cigarette smoking and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: a hypothesis to explain the paradox

As recognized precursor lesions to colorectal cancer, colorectal adenomatous polyps have been studied to enhance knowledge of colorectal cancer etiology. Although most of the known risk factors for colorectal cancer are also associated with the occurrence of colorectal adenomas, cigarette smoking has had a strong, consistent relationship with colorectal adenomas but is generally not associated with colorectal cancer. The explanation for this paradox is unknown. With data collected in 1986-1988 during a large case-control study based on colonoscopy results in New York City, New York, the authors investigated the possibility that the paradox may arise because subjects with colorectal adenomas were included in the control group of cancer case-control studies. The authors found a statistically significant increased risk between heavy cigarette smoking (smokers with > or = 40 pack-years of smoking) and risk of adenoma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.44). They saw no increased colorectal cancer risk from heavy cigarette smoking (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.52-1.99) using a "manufactured" control group to simulate a typical unscreened, population-based control group. When the authors compared these colorectal cancer cases with an adenoma-free control group examined by colonoscopy in a polytomous model with several case groups (newly diagnosed adenomas, carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, and colorectal cancer), they found that the risk for 20-39 pack-years of smoking was elevated, although not statistically significant, and was similar for all four case groups. The risk for the highest smoking category (> or = 40 pack-years) was more strongly elevated in all four case groups, although it was statistically significant for only the newly diagnosed adenoma and the carcinoma in situ cases (adenomas, OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.42; carcinoma in situ, OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.01-4.15; intramucosal carcinoma, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.61-2.77; and colorectal cancer, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.64-2.65). While the authors' study is weakened by the lack of statistical significance concerning risk for colorectal cancer, these data offer some support for the hypothesis that the association between cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal cancer may have been masked by inclusion in the control group of subjects with adenomas. They also suggest that the major effect of smoking on the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence occurs in the earlier stages of the formation of adenoma and the development of carcinoma in situ.     

可调自适应三角网格的细分曲面造型方法

为了研究一种简单的有效的细分曲面方法使生成的曲面不仅光滑而且可调,提出了一种面向三角网格的可调自适应细分曲面造型法,该方法通过在传统的Loop细分模式中加入形状控制因子以使生成的曲面形状可调,同时引入二面角作为控制误差来判断相邻三角形夹角是否满足给定的阈值,以此实现自适应细分过程。模拟算例结果表明,该方法不仅能用较少网格获得性能良好的曲面,而且可以通过选取不同的值调整生成曲面形状,满足工程需要。