全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3185篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 11篇 |
化学工业 | 558篇 |
金属工艺 | 13篇 |
机械仪表 | 27篇 |
建筑科学 | 33篇 |
矿业工程 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 49篇 |
轻工业 | 224篇 |
水利工程 | 7篇 |
石油天然气 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 59篇 |
一般工业技术 | 209篇 |
冶金工业 | 1971篇 |
原子能技术 | 5篇 |
自动化技术 | 94篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 85篇 |
2021年 | 103篇 |
2020年 | 34篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 56篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 53篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 61篇 |
2011年 | 91篇 |
2010年 | 73篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 67篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 586篇 |
1997年 | 315篇 |
1996年 | 253篇 |
1995年 | 155篇 |
1994年 | 111篇 |
1993年 | 110篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 37篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 33篇 |
1976年 | 104篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3262条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
II Wistuba C Behrens S Milchgrub AK Virmani J Jagirdar B Thomas HL Ioachim LA Litzky EM Brambilla JD Minna AF Gazdar 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,279(19):1554-1559
CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been associated with an increasing incidence of malignancy, and HIV-infected persons have an increased incidence of primary lung carcinoma compared with the general population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular changes present in HIV-associated lung tumors and compare them with those present in lung carcinomas arising in HIV-indeterminate subjects ("sporadic tumors"). DESIGN: Convenience sample. SUBJECTS: Archival tissues from 11 HIV-positive persons and from 35 persons of indeterminate HIV status. SETTING: University-based medical centers and affiliated hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite alteration (MA) using polymerase chain reaction and 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers at 8 chromosomal regions frequently deleted in lung cancer. Presence of HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences. RESULTS: The overall frequency of LOH at all chromosomal regions tested and the frequencies at most of the individual regions were similar in the 2 groups. Frequency of MA present in the HIV-associated tumors (0.18) was 6-fold higher than in sporadic tumors (0.03) (P<.001). At least 1 MA was present in 10 (91%) of 11 HIV-associated tumors vs 17 (48%) of 35 sporadic tumors (P=.02). Molecular changes were independent of tumor stage and gender. HIV and HPV sequences were not detected in the HIV-associated lung carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Microsatellite alterations, which reflect widespread genomic instability, occur at greatly increased frequency in HIV-associated lung carcinomas. Although the mechanism underlying the development of increased MAs is unknown, it may play a crucial role in the development of many HIV-associated tumors. 相似文献
72.
AJ Bogdanove JF Kim Z Wei P Kolchinsky AO Charkowski AK Conlin A Collmer SV Beer 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,95(3):1325-1330
The "disease-specific" (dsp) region next to the hrp gene cluster of Erwinia amylovora is required for pathogenicity but not for elicitation of the hypersensitive reaction. A 6.6-kb apparent operon, dspEF, was found responsible for this phenotype. The operon contains genes dspE and dspF and is positively regulated by hrpL. A BLAST search revealed similarity in the dspE gene to a partial sequence of the avrE locus of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato. The entire avrE locus was sequenced. Homologs of dspE and dspF were found in juxtaposed operons and were designated avrE and avrF. Introduced on a plasmid, the dspEF locus rendered P. syringae pv. glycinea race 4 avirulent on soybean. An E. amylovora dspE mutant, however, elicited a hypersensitive reaction in soybean. The avrE locus in trans restored pathogenicity to dspE strains of E. amylovora, although restored strains were low in virulence. DspE and AvrE are large (198 kDa and 195 kDa) and hydrophilic. DspF and AvrF are small (16 kDa and 14 kDa) and acidic with predicted amphipathic alpha helices in their C termini; they resemble chaperones for virulence factors secreted by type III secretion systems of animal pathogens. 相似文献
73.
AK Lepp?niemi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,22(12):1197-1201
The most prevalent menace since the end of the cold war is the occurrence of civil wars and local and regional conflicts. The term "low intensity conflict" describes the new threat environment and covers a multitude of phenomena, such as civil wars, guerrilla warfare, terrorism and counterinsurgency operations occurring between routine, peaceful inter- or intrastate competition, and a sustained conventional conflict. There is a great challenge to alert the physicians in general, and the surgical community of the world in particular, to the new threat environment and the medical challenges involved in treating casualties of low intensity conflicts. Specifically, a new international body of surgeons might be required to coordinate the recruitment, training, and creditation for surgeons with special expertise in the management of victims of such conflicts and to facilitate research and general knowledge of the medical challenges of modern conflicts. 相似文献
74.
Spatiotemporal imaging of human brain activity using functional MRI constrained magnetoencephalography data: Monte Carlo simulations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The goal of our research is to develop an experimental and analytical framework for spatiotemporal imaging of human brain function. Preliminary studies suggest that noninvasive spatiotemporal maps of cerebral activity can be produced by combining the high spatial resolution (millimeters) of functional MRI (fMRI) with the high temporal resolution (milliseconds) of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Although MEG and EEG are sensitive to millisecond changes in mental activity, the ability to resolve source localization and timing is limited by the ill-posed "inverse" problem. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the use of MRI constraints in a linear estimation inverse procedure, where fMRI weighting, cortical location and orientation, and sensor noise statistics were realistically incorporated. An error metric was computed to quantify the effects of fMRI invisible ("missing") sources, "extra" fMRI sources, and cortical orientation errors. Our simulation results demonstrate that prior anatomical and functional information from MRI can be used to regularize the EEG/MEG inverse problem, giving an improved solution with high spatial and temporal resolution. An fMRI weighting of approximately 90% was determined to provide the best compromise between separation of activity from correctly localized sources and minimization of error caused by missing sources. The accuracy of the estimate was relatively independent of the number and extent of the sources, allowing for incorporation of physiologically realistic multiple distributed sources. This linear estimation method provides an operator-independent approach for combining information from fMRI, MEG, and EEG and represents a significant advance over traditional dipole modeling. 相似文献
75.
During a six-month period 2,221 haemocultures obtained from patients hospitalized in the Faculty Hospital Olomouc were examined. In all 304 isolated bacteria the sensitivity was assessed by the standard dilution micromethod and moreover all positive haemocultures were examined the "direct" disc method. Agreement between the results of the two methods was proved in 84% of pairs of tests and within a range from 67 to 100%, depending on the type of antimicrobial preparation. Based on these findings it may be stated that assessment of the sensitivity by the "direct" method agrees significantly with assessment of the sensitivity according to minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In patients with septicaemia this procedure makes it possible to change empirical antibiotherapy by 24 hours sooner to aimed therapy. 相似文献
76.
Urban environments possess many regularities which can be efficiently exploited for 3D dense reconstruction from multiple
widely separated views. We present an approach utilizing properties of piecewise planarity and restricted number of plane
orientations to suppress reconstruction and matching ambiguities causing failures of standard dense stereo methods. We formulate
the problem of the 3D reconstruction in MRF framework built on an image pre-segmented into superpixels. Using this representation,
we propose novel photometric and superpixel boundary consistency terms explicitly derived from superpixels and show that they
overcome many difficulties of standard pixel-based formulations and handle favorably problematic scenarios containing many
repetitive structures and no or low textured regions. We demonstrate our approach on several wide-baseline scenes demonstrating
superior performance compared to previously proposed methods. 相似文献
77.
The refined process structure tree 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
78.
Towards capacity and profit optimization of video-on-demand services in a peer-assisted IPTV platform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yih-Farn Chen Yennun Huang Rittwik Jana Hongbo Jiang Michael Rabinovich Jeremy Rahe Bin Wei Zhen Xiao 《Multimedia Systems》2009,15(1):19-32
This paper studies the conditions under which peer-to-peer (P2P) technology may be beneficial in providing IPTV services over
typical network architectures. It has three major contributions. First, we contrast two network models used to study the performance
of such a system: a commonly used logical “Internet as a cloud” model and a “physical” model that reflects the characteristics
of the underlying network. Specifically, we show that the cloud model overlooks important architectural aspects of the network
and may drastically overstate the benefits of P2P technology. Second, we propose an algorithm called Zebra that pre-stripes
content across multiple peers during idle hours to speed up P2P content delivery in an IPTV environment with limited upload
bandwidth. We also perform simulations to measure Zebra’s effectiveness at reducing load on the content server during peak
hours. Third, we provide a cost-benefit analysis of P2P video content delivery, focusing on the profit trade-offs for different
pricing/incentive models rather than purely on capacity maximization. In particular, we find that under high volume of video
demand, a P2P built-in incentive model performs better than any other model, while the conventional no-P2P model generates
more profits when the request rate is low. The flat-reward model generally falls in between the usage-based model and the
built-in model in terms of profitability except for low request rates. We also find that built-in and flat-reward models are
more profitable than the usage-based model for a wide range of subscriber community sizes.
Funding for J. Rahe’s research has been provided by AT&T Labs, the State of California under the MICR Oprogram, and by the
Toshiba Corporation.
Zhen Xiao is partially supported by China MOST project (2006BAH02A10). 相似文献
79.
80.
To investigate the feasibility of using tissue obtained from human tumor xenografts for in vitro screening of antineoplastic agents, we grew human tumor colony-forming units (CFU) in semisold agar from xenografts serially passaged in nude mice. Growth of human tumor CFU was accomplished from nine xenografts representing five different histological tumor types (ovarian carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the colon, malignant melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma of the lung, and malignant astrocytoma). Cloning efficiency ranged from 0.04 to 0.1% and showed significant variability both between tumor types and between individual animals bearing the same type of xenograft. A high percentage of tumor CFU was in S phase [47 +/- 20% (S.D.)] as determined by the thymidine "suicide" technique. The number of tumor CFU observed increased linearly with increasing numbers of cells plated. In vitro drug sensitivity of the tumor CFU was assessed to Adriamycin, cis-platinum, and melphalan. The patterns of drug sensitivity were found to be reproducible and stable over a period of 9 months. Drug sensitivity curves to Adriamycin for five xenografts representing four tumor types showed complex patterns with plateau portions similar to those described for tumor CFU from primary tumors. The rank order of sensitivity of the tumors was compared to that of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and, with the exception of the melanomas, was found to correlate well with clinical experience (order of sensitivity = colon less than ovary less than bone marrow). Growth of human tumor CFU from xenografts represents a reproducible and stable means for the study of the biology of tumor CFU and has potential applications as a means for screening new anticancer agents. 相似文献