Antineoplastic and toxic effects of blastolysin in the treatment of spontaneous mammary cancer in dogs

The anticancer activity and toxicity of blastolysin were studied in 13 dogs with mammary cancer using two different schedules. The agent was given 5 times in a dose of 2.5-10 mg/kg with a 72 h interval (the first schedule) and 10 times in a dose of 0.4-1.7 mg/kg in 24 h (the second schedule). The first schedule exhibited the highest anticancer effect with the least toxicity. Blastolysin was found to depress erythropoiesis.     

Karyological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of Callophysus macropterus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from the Solim?es and Negro Rivers (central Amazon)

Karyological characteristics, i.e., diploid number, chromosome morphology and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), biochemical characteristics, i.e., electrophoretic analysis of blood hemoglobin and the tissue enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and physiological characteristics, i.e., relative concentration of hemoglobin and intraerythrocytic concentrations of organic phosphates were analyzed for the species Callophysus macropterus collected from Marchantaria Island (white water system--Solim?es River) and Anavilhanas Archipelago (black water system--Negro River). Karyological and biochemical data did not reveal significant differences between specimens collected at the two sites. However, the relative distribution of hemoglobin bands I and III (I = 16.33 +/- 1.05 and III = 37.20 +/- 1.32 for Marchantaria specimens and I = 6.33 +/- 1.32 and III = 48.05 +/- 1.55 for Anavilhanas specimens) and levels of intraerythrocytic GTP (1.32 +/- 0.16 and 2.76 +/- 0.18 for Marchantaria and Anavilhanas specimens, respectively), but not ATP or total phosphate, were significantly different, indicating a physiological adaptation to the environmental conditions of these habitats. It is suggested that C. macropterus specimens from the two collecting sites belong to a single population, and that they adjusted some physiological characteristics to adapt to local environmental conditions.     

Mutation analyses of KRAS exon 1 comparing three different techniques: temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis, constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis and allele specific polymerase chain reaction

Pefloxacin plus metronidazole versus netilmicin plus metronidazole in the prevention of nosocomial infections during contaminated surgery. Surgical prophylaxis is widely used in contaminated surgery, especially colorectal surgery. In this clinical trial the efficacy of pefloxacin 800 mg i.v. slow infusion associated to metronidazole 500 mg i.v. 1-2 hours before surgery and then metronidazole alone after 6 and 12 hours versus netilmicin 200 mg i.m. associated to metronidazole 500 mg i.v. 1-2 hours before surgery and then both after 6 and 12 hours were evaluated in 97 patients suffering by colorectal surgery. Efficacy of prophylaxis in patients was evaluated in terms of appearance of post-surgical infections (abdominal, urinary, respiratory and wound infections). In pefloxacin + metronidazole group (53 patients), two cases of wound infections (3.8%) and three cases of respiratory infections (5.8%) were observed. In netilmicin + metronidazole group (44 patients), two cases of wound infections (4.9%), three cases of urinary infections (7%), three cases of respiratory infections (7.5%) and one case of intra-abdominal infection were observed. Our data confirmed that in colorectal surgery, the association pefloxacin, drug with microbiological and pharmacokinetics characteristics suitable for prophylaxis + metronidazole, active against anaerobes pathogens, prevents post-surgical infections as well as a reference association (netilmicin + metronidazole), with the advantage of a single administration.