Fabrication and mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/TiAl composites

Al₂O₃/TiAl composites were successfully fabricated by hot-press-assisted exothermic dispersion method with elemental powder mixtures of Ti, Al TiO₂ and Nb₂O₅, and the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicate the fine Al₂O₃ particles tend to disperse on the grain boundaries. The grain size of TiAl matrix decreases and the hardness increases with increasing Nb₂O₅ content. The bending strength and fracture toughness reach to a maximum when Nb₂O₅ content is 6 wt%, under 642 MPa and 6.69 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. Based on the fractography and the observation of crack propagation path, it is concluded that the strengthening and toughening of such composites at room temperature can be attributed to the refinement of the TiAl matrix, the deflection behavior in the crack propagation and the dispersion of Al₂O₃ particles.     

Oxidation behavior of in-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites at 900℃ in static air

In-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites were successfully synthesized from the starting powders of Ti, Al, TiO2 and Nb2O5. The oxidation behavior of the composites at 900℃ in static air was investigated. The results indicate that the composite samples present a much lower oxidation mass gain. Under long-time intensive oxidation exposure, the formed oxide scale is multi-layer. The formation of the outer TiO2 layer is fine and dense, the internal Al2O3 scale has good adhesiveness with the outer TiO2 scale, and the TiO2+Al2O3 mixed layer forming the protective oxide scale is favorable for the improvement of oxidation resistance. It is believed that the incorporation of Al2O3 particulates into the metal matrix decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, and forms a local three-dimensional network structure that can hold the oxide scale. The formation of the oxide scale with fmer particle size, stronger adherence, less micro-defects and slower growth rate can contribute to the improvement of oxidation resistance. Nb element plays an important role in reducing the internal oxidation action of the materials, restraining the growth of TiO2 crystals andpromoting thc stable formation of the Al 2O3-riched layer,which is benfeicial to improve the oxidation properties.     

一种适合底水油藏的调驱剂体系研究

考察温度、盐度等因素对优选NPLS凝胶颗粒体系的影响,评价聚合物复合NPLS凝胶颗粒体系的调驱效果。实验表明：随着温度的增加,NPLS凝胶颗粒体系的膨胀倍数增加;随着盐度的增加,体系的膨胀倍数减小;在长填砂管物模调驱实验中,聚合物复合NPLS凝胶颗粒体系具有良好的注入性。     

外循环厌氧反应器的快速启动

工程运行试验研究EC厌氧反应器处理啤酒废水启动过程中的运行效能、稳定性以及内部的污泥分布情况,分析颗粒污泥形成的关键因素.运行第95d,进水有机负荷达到8.5kg/(m3·d),COD去除率达80%,出水COD低于400mg/L;在系统1.2m和4m处污泥中均出现粒径为0.5～1.0mm左右的颗粒污泥.结果表明,EC厌氧反应器处理低质量浓度、大流量的啤酒废水采用间歇-连续快速启动方式是可行的,并且上升流速在2.5～5.0m/h有利于颗粒污泥的快速形成.研究证实EC厌氧反应器处理啤酒废水能够实现稳定、高效地启动运行.     

合金元素对TRIP钢连续冷却固态相变和硬度的影响

为了研究Al和P合金元素在TRIP钢固态相变过程中的重要作用,利用热膨胀实验、金相观察、显微硬度测量等方法绘制了4种不同Al和P含量的C-Mn-Al-P TRIP钢的CCT图.结果表明,Al元素强烈缩小奥氏体相区,提高Ac3与Ms,促使CCT图左移和上移.P元素能够阻碍碳化物的生成,当钢中w(P)达到0.14%时,能显著将CCT曲线图中的珠光体区与贝氏体区右移.P元素对先共析铁素体相变和马氏体相变没有显著影响.随着冷却速率的增加,材料的显微硬度增加.对于每一种成分超过其临界冷却速率时将得到完全的马氏体组织.添加固溶强化元素可以强化铁素体基体,增加铁素体基体的硬度,P元素固溶强化能力最强,Mn元素稍弱,Al元素很弱.     

活性炭负载硅钨酸催化α-蒎烯的异构化研究

以活性炭负载硅钨酸为催化剂 ,研究了 α-蒎烯的异构化反应 ;考察了反应温度、反应时间、配料比和溶剂等因素对异构化反应的转化率和选择性的影响。实验结果表明 ,反应温度升高 ,反应时间增加 ,配料比减小 ,蒎烯的转化率增大。在乙醇介质中 ,α-蒎烯能发生异构化和乙氧基化反应。主要产物是莰烯、苎烯和 α-松油基乙醚 ,总醚选择性约 5 0 %     

常温高效除油清洗剂的制备与应用研究

研制出了一种去油污能力强，可室温使用，综合效果较好的新型高效常温除油清洗剂     

PP／交联POE共混物力学性能和形态的研究

采用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）引发POE弹性体交联，溶解性实验与熔体流动速率实验结果表明，当DCP含量从0．5‰（质量含量，下同）增加至5．0‰时，凝胶含量从0．8％增加至12．8％，对应的共混物的熔体流动速率从2．80g／10min下降至0．80g／10min，这是POE弹性体交联的结果。将交联后的POE与PP共混，其与PP的共混物的冲击强度在较低的交联度时有一小范围的提高，当DCP含量超过2．0‰后，共混物的冲击性能明显下降。扫描电镜观察表明，随着POE交联度的增加，共混物中POE在基体中的分散明显变差，这与其冲击性能有很好的相关性。     

Application of hindered piperidine amine and/or tertiary amine in the modification of polyamide 6

PA 6 resin was produced in a hydrolytic‐polymeric process in which ε‐caprolactam was polymerized in the presence of water as initiator, isophthalic acid and benzoic acid as chain regulators, by polymerizing caprolactam in the presence of 7.5% by weight of water, 0.2% by weight of isophthalic acid, 0.1% by weight of benzoic acid, each percentage being based on caprolactam. By adding hindered piperidine amine and/or tertiary amine to the polymeric system, the effects of additives on the polymer were studied. The results showed that: the addition of 0.1 ～ 0.2% additives can improve the melt stability of polyamide 6; the addition of 0.2% additives can protect mechanical properties of polyamide 6 fibers after exposure to high temperature; and the addition of 0.05 ～ 0.25% additives can increase the amino end group content of polyamide 6 and thereby increase the dyeability of polyamide fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2489–2493, 2004     

乙烯环氧化反应的动态特性与反应器的动态操作(Ⅰ)——基元过程序列结构与动力学

利用动态响应方法,对乙烯在银催化剂上环氧化反应的基元过程序列结构和动力学进行了系统的实验和模型化研究,为从理论上考察这一反应体系在浓度强制振荡条件下的时间平均性能与基元过程动力学的相互关系,为建立适当的模型来描述浓度强制振荡过程提供了必要的条件.