Homology and functional similarity of an hrp-linked pathogenicity locus, dspEF, of Erwinia amylovora and the avirulence locus avrE of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato

The "disease-specific" (dsp) region next to the hrp gene cluster of Erwinia amylovora is required for pathogenicity but not for elicitation of the hypersensitive reaction. A 6.6-kb apparent operon, dspEF, was found responsible for this phenotype. The operon contains genes dspE and dspF and is positively regulated by hrpL. A BLAST search revealed similarity in the dspE gene to a partial sequence of the avrE locus of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato. The entire avrE locus was sequenced. Homologs of dspE and dspF were found in juxtaposed operons and were designated avrE and avrF. Introduced on a plasmid, the dspEF locus rendered P. syringae pv. glycinea race 4 avirulent on soybean. An E. amylovora dspE mutant, however, elicited a hypersensitive reaction in soybean. The avrE locus in trans restored pathogenicity to dspE strains of E. amylovora, although restored strains were low in virulence. DspE and AvrE are large (198 kDa and 195 kDa) and hydrophilic. DspF and AvrF are small (16 kDa and 14 kDa) and acidic with predicted amphipathic alpha helices in their C termini; they resemble chaperones for virulence factors secreted by type III secretion systems of animal pathogens.     

移动应用中OTP认证机制的安全性分析

一次性口令(简称OTP)认证机制可以实现一次一密,具备更高的安全性,同时,其实现简单、成本低、无需第三方公证,中分适合于受限的移动应用,但难以抵御小数攻击以及没有实现双向认证,其安全隐患主要在于参与一次性口令生成的随机数以及口令认证信息均以明文方式传送,因此,可以采用椭圆曲线密码体制ECC对随机数及认证信息进行加密.     

Super-orthogonal space-time code design based on the trellis diagram integrated operation

By studying the super-orthogonal space-time coding designs for 2 transmit antennas and superquasi orthogonal space-time coding designs for 4 transmit antennas,a novel super-orthogonal space-time coding design for 4 transmit antennas is proposed.By exploiting the inherent structure association between OSTBC and QOSTBC,the proposed schemes can obtain the full-rate and good performance while keeping the coding complexity as super-orthogonal space-time coding schemes for 2 transmit antennas.Simulation results d...     

数字电位器技术在远程测控系统中的应用

本文描述了数字电位器技术在远程测控系统中的高精度调节应用。为满足海洋工程水池造波机远程测控系统通过PLC对现场造波机的高精度调节控制。在测控系统研制中,采用数字电位器技术研发了数字电位器智能模块通过RS232(或RS485)与PLC通讯连接实现对数字电位器高精度调节,从而实施对通过PLC的D/A输出造波波形控制的幅值调制。     

Profinet在制丝线自动化系统中的应用

介绍Profinet在制丝线自动化系统中的应用.     

小学数学教学模式的实施

随着新课程改革的不断推进,小学数学课堂教学形式异彩纷呈。作为一名小学数学教师,我注重以新课标为指引,积极投身课改实验,逐步摸索出一条适用于小学数学课堂教学的模式。     

高性能SAR成像程序的并行粒度选择技术

高性能并行仿真程序必须采用针对性的并行优化技术以获得高效的性能加速。而根据程序特性,确定适合的并行粒度是设计并行优化技术的基础。因此,以典型合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像程序--距离-多普勒(RD)程序为代表,研究了高性能SAR成像程序的并行粒度选择技术,重点针对并行粒度的基本准则和RD算法的并行粒度选择方法进行了研究。实验结果证明,经过并行粒度优化选择的SAR成像程序能够获得显著的性能提升,并且具有良好的可扩展性。     

Designing a Controller for a Multi-Train Multi-Track System

The use of formal methods for analyzing and synthesizing a controller for a multi-train multi-track railway system is discussed. The research was motivated by a case study involving the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system. The overall goal is to design a train acceleration control function that enables trains to be safely placed but also increases system throughput. The use of a modeling language for specifying safety properties and a control function is illustrated. The program transformation methodology supported in the HATS system is employed to generate an efficient implementation from a high-level specification of a controller. This implementation can then be used to simulate the controller behavior, thus further enhancing confidence in the design. Properties of optimization transformations can be verified using an rewrite-rule based induction theorem prover Rewrite Rule Laboratory (RRL).     

Direct integration of micromachined pipettes in a flow channel forsingle DNA molecule study by optical tweezers

We have developed a micromachined flow cell consisting of a flow channel integrated with micropipettes. The flow cell is used in combination with an optical trap setup (optical tweezers) to study mechanical and structural properties of λ-DNA molecules. The flow cell was realized using silicon micromachining including the so-called buried channel technology to fabricate the micropipettes, the wet etching of glass to create the flow channel, and the powder blasting of glass to make the fluid connections. The volume of the flow cell is 2 μl. The pipettes have a length of 130 μm, a width of 5-10 μm, a round opening of 1 μm and can be processed with different shapes. Using this flow cell we stretched single molecules (λ-DNA) showing typical force-extension curves also found with conventional techniques. These pipettes can be also used for drug delivery, for injection of small gas bubbles into a liquid flow to monitor the streamlines, and for the mixing of liquids to study diffusion effects. The paper describes the design, the fabrication and testing of the flow cell     

One-dimensional axial simulation of electric double layer overlap effects in devices combining micro- and nanochannels

This paper presents a numerical steady-state model of ion transport in micro- and nanofluidic devices with widely varying geometric scale, such as transitions between micro- and nanochannels. Finite element or finite volume simulation of such problems is challenging, due to the number of elements needed to produce a satisfactory mesh. Here, only the lengthwise channel dimension is meshed; standard analytical approximations are used to incorporate cross-channel properties. Singularly perturbed cases are built up by continuation. The method is shown to reproduce our previously reported measurements of electric double-layer effects on conductivity, ion concentration, and ion enhancement and depletion. Comparison with 2-D simulations reported in the literature shows that effects on accuracy due to the 1-D approximation are small. The model incorporates analytical models of surface charge density taken from the literature. This enables predictive simulation with reasonable accuracy using published parameter values, or these values may be tuned based on experiment to give improved results. Use of the model for iterative design and parameter estimation is demonstrated.