Design and characterisation of an enzyme system for inulin hydrolysis

The optimal conditions for inulin hydrolysis using a commercial inulinase preparation, either free or immobilised in activated Amberlite were established by factorial design and surface response methodology. The immobilised biocatalyst displayed highest activity at pH 5.5 and 50 °C, whereas the optimum pH for the free form was slightly more acidic (4.5), and the optimum temperature was a little higher (55 °C). The model system estimated optimal pH and temperature values of 5.4 and 52 °C for the immobilised system and 4.9 and 56 °C for the free system. Michaelis–Menten type kinetics adequately described both free and immobilised bioconversion systems, which were evaluated under the respective optimal pH and temperature conditions. The use of a non-linear regression method for the determination of the kinetic parameters provided a best fit to the experimental data, as compared to a conventional Lineweaver–Burk linearisation. The K_m for inulin of the free biocatalyst was 153 g l⁻¹ at 55 °C and pH 4.5, whereas the apparent K_m for inulin of the immobilised biocatalyst was 108 g l⁻¹ at pH 5.5 and 50 °C. The reutilisation of the immobilised biocatalyst throughout consecutive batches was evaluated. A significant decrease of enzyme activity was observed in the first two batches, after which the system exhibited significant stability. The low cost of the support, the stability of the immobilised biocatalyst towards pH and temperature and its high affinity for the substrate suggests its potential for inulin hydrolysis.     

Short communication: Identification of Corynebacterium bovis by MALDI-mass spectrometry

Corynebacterium bovis is a mastitis-causing microorganism responsible for economic losses related to decrease in milk production. The aim of the study was identify Corynebacterium spp. strains recovered from milk samples of subclinical mastitis by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Samples were collected during a 10-mo mastitis-monitoring program in a high-production dairy farm. In this study, 80 strains were analyzed; from these 54 (67.5%) were identified at species level as Corynebacterium bovis, 24 (31.2%) isolates were identified at the genus level as Corynebacterium spp., and only 1 (1.35%) isolated had unreliable identification. Results demonstrated that MALDI-MS could be an important technique for the identification of Corynebacterium spp. in milk.     

冷榨油茶籽毛油脱胶与脱色工艺研究

目的 研究柠檬酸、磷酸对冷榨油茶籽毛油酸法脱胶效果,活性白土和活性白土与活性炭复合吸附剂对冷榨油茶籽毛油脱色脱胶的效果.方法 从酸种类、酸添加量、加水量、温度、时间、搅拌转速方面考察了冷榨油茶籽毛油酸法脱胶效果;从吸附剂种类、吸附剂添加量、温度、时间、搅拌转速方面考察了冷榨油茶籽毛油吸附脱色脱胶效果;此外分别从2个工艺...     

Modeling and Optimization of Lactic Acid Production using Cashew Apple Juice as Substrate

The production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus casei B-442 was studied and modeled. Sugar feedstock was provided using cashew apple juice, an alternative glucose and fructose feedstock that proved to yield high concentrations of lactic acid. The fermentations were carried out in a 1-L fermenter under constant agitation (150 rpm) and controlled pH (6.5). Lactic acid production was evaluated through a dynamic study, varying the initial concentration of sugar in the range of 20 to 60 g/L. Biomass, reducing sugars, and lactic acid concentration were measured throughout the experiments. The highest production of lactic acid (59.3 g/L) was obtained operating the fermentation with 60 g/L of reducing sugar from the cashew apple juice. A rigorous kinetic model was developed for batch fermentation of cashew apple juice for lactic acid production by L. casei B-442. The growth of biomass and lactic acid production were affected by substrate limitation, substrate inhibition and lactic acid inhibition. The model assumed growth- and non-growth-associated lactic acid production and a term for microorganism death was also included in the model. Parameters of the kinetic model were determined based on experimental data by using the least mean squares method and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The model validation was performed and the model was statistically able to fit the profiles for growth of biomass, sugar consumption and lactic acid production. The optimization of the process, using the model, was carried out and the optimum operating conditions aiming highest productivity, lowest production cost and highest gross profit are presented.     

草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕品质及其微冻特性

测定草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕的营养成分,以及在－2℃贮藏期间的硬度、弹性、持水性、白度、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量和硫代巴比妥酸还原值(TBARS)的变化。结果表明：鲢鱼鱼糕的蛋白质含量明显高于草鱼鱼糕(P＜0.05),水分、脂肪和灰分含量无显著性差异(P＞0.05);持水性和弹性都随微冻时间的延长而下降,硬度和白度则呈现先上升后下降的趋势;微冻过程中,细菌总数、TVB-N含量、TBARS值逐渐增加。微冻和真空包装相结合可以使草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕保质期达到56d以上。     

纤维轴向压缩性能测试及其刺痒感属性判断

为探讨纤维材料的轴向压缩性能及其刺痒感属性,改进了测试装置与测试方法,对测试过程中纤维试样与测试头接触条件的转变及对应压缩曲线特征进行分析,提出了应用纤维轴向压缩性能判断其刺痒感属性的方法。结果表明:在进行纤维材料轴向压缩测试时,试样与测试头的接触条件会发生由"点接触"向"线接触"的转变,压缩性能测试应以"点接触"的结束为终结点;以纤维轴向压缩性能为依据判断其刺痒感属性时,纤维端与皮肤的接触条件应为"点接触",且应具有不少于0.2 mm的长度,并能承受不少于0.75 m N的轴向载荷。     

氨基甲酸乙酯检测方法研究进展

对氨基甲酸乙酯的危害和目前国内外的检测方法,如对薄层分析法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法、气相二维或多维色谱-稳定同位素稀释质谱联用技术、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪法的特点及应用进行了阐述。并对氨基甲酸乙酯检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

湛江市甘蔗与大豆间种效益分析

在湛江市进行甘蔗间作大豆试验,结果表明:甘蔗与大豆间种后,可以促进甘蔗生长,并能减轻甘蔗螟虫为害率,提高甘蔗种植收益;甘蔗与不同的大豆品种间作,收益有所不同,在参试的5个大豆品种中,以华春5号的综合表现最好、收益最高,比对照增收5141元/hm2,增幅达18.52%,华春2号增收也达9%以上,显示这2个大豆品种适合湛江蔗区与甘蔗间作。