Primary structure of gene H of cattle plague virus strain K]

The paper analyzes the standard legal and methodological assurance of the quality and safety of animal food raw materials and foodstuffs (meat, meat products, fish, shellfish, crayfish and their processing products) by the parasitic purity rates according the requirements under the Russian Federation's laws "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population", "On Protection of Consumer's Rights", "On Certification of Products and Services", those of SanPiN, such as 2.3.2.560-96 "Sanitary Requirements for the Quality and Safety of Food Raw Materials and Foodstuffs" and 3.2.569-96 "Prevention of Parasitic Diseases in the Russian Federation".     

Systems of neuron image recognition for solving problems of automated diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases

The study of the functioning and development of the nervous system and its main structural-functional units, neurons, is a critical direction in modern medicine and neurobiology. The key stage in this process is analysis of neurons in microscopic images. The application of methods based on mathematical theory of pattern recognition and image analysis creates wide novel possibilities for analyzing similar representations of experimental data. The question on creating reliable automated systems for recognition and analysis of histological specumens remains, however, open. In the survey, we present results of an analysis of the methods and systems meant for automated neuron image analysis based on studies published in leading scientific journals within the past 25 years.     

Empirical likelihood ratios applied to goodness-of-fit tests based on sample entropy

The likelihood approach based on the empirical distribution functions is a well-accepted statistical tool for testing. However, the proof schemes of the Neyman–Pearson type lemmas induce consideration of density-based likelihood ratios to obtain powerful test statistics. In this article, we introduce the distribution-free density-based likelihood technique, applied to test for goodness-of-fit. We focus on tests for normality and uniformity, which are common tasks in applied studies. The well-known goodness-of-fit tests based on sample entropy are shown to be a product of the proposed empirical likelihood (EL) methodology. Although the efficiency of test statistics based on classes of entropy estimators has been widely addressed in the statistical literature, estimation of the sample entropy has been not invariantly defined, and hence this estimation produces tests that are difficult to be applied to real data studies. The proposed EL approach defines clear forms of the entropy-based tests. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the preference of the proposed method from a power perspective. Real data examples study the proposed approach in practice.     

From the editors

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis: New Information Technologies (PRIA-7-2004)18–23 October, 2004, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation Revised papers

From the editors     

Abstract communication model for distributed systems

In some distributed and mobile communication models, a message disappears in one place and miraculously appears in another. In reality, of course, there are no miracles. A message goes from one network to another; it can be lost or corrupted in the process. Here, we present a realistic but high-level communication model where abstract communicators represent various nets and subnets. The model was originally developed in the process of specifying a particular network architecture, namely, the Universal Plug and Play architecture. But, it is general. Our contention is that every message-based distributed system, properly abstracted, gives rise to a specialization of our abstract communication model. The purpose of the abstract communication model is not to design a new kind of network; rather, it is to discover the common part of all message-based communication networks. The generality of the model has been confirmed by its successful reuse for very different distributed architectures. The model is based on distributed abstract state machines. It is implemented in the specification language AsmL and is used for testing distributed systems.     

Dispersion of metal microdrops exposed to an electron beam with dynamical retention in an electrostatic trap

The process of obtaining nanoparticles of pure metals by melting down initial powder particles using the infrared emission and by charging them electrically in an electron beam with the subsequent splitting them to nanodrops is investigated numerically. The possibility of a substantial increase in the duration of the drop’s stay in the working zone due to the effect of an electrostatic trap is shown, which allows the requirements for the electron beam to be lowered, the range of initial conditions to be extended, and the stability of the process as a whole to be enhanced by implementing the cascade splitting of drops of all sizes in a single regime.     

Special Important Aspects of the Thomson Effect

A comprehensive study of the mechanisms of heating and cooling originating from an electrical current in semiconductor devices is reported. The variation in temperature associated with the Peltier effect is not related to the presence of heat sources and sinks if the heat flux is correctly determined. The Thomson effect is commonly regarded as a heat source/sink proportional to the Thomson coefficient, which is added to the Joule heating. In the present work, we will show that this formulation of the Thomson effect is not sufficiently clear. When the heat flux is correctly defined, the Thomson heat source/sink is proportional to the Seebeck coefficient. In the conditions in which the Peltier effect takes place, the temperature gradient is created, and, consequently, the Thomson effect will occur naturally.     

Sources of Fluxes of Energy, Heat, and Diffusion Heat in a Bipolar Semiconductor: Influence of Nonequilibrium Charge Carriers

The equations of energy balance, heat balance, and diffusion heat balance are obtained for a bipolar semiconductor. The roles of nonequilibrium charge carriers and the recombination in the heat transport are established. The expressions for the sources of energy fluxes, heat fluxes, and diffusion heat fluxes are discussed. Both radiative and nonradiative recombinations are studied.