Study on effect of diverse air inlet arrangement on thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion cells

Lithium-ion cells are preferred in the electrical powertrain due to high-power density, compactness, and modularity. In real driving conditions, the cells undergo discharge rates as high as 4 C resulting in high heat generation affecting the performance. To obtain the maximum performance the pack construction and thermal management of cells are crucial parameters. In our work, air-cooled technique with diverse air inlet and staggered scheme with a two-channel partition approach for thermal management of the cylindrical lithium-ion cells are studied in computational fluid dynamics. The simulation model is validated with experimental results. The obtained results demonstrate that the cells in the dual-directional air inlet arrangement had low maximum temperature difference among and within the cells and required least fan work. This arrangement required least fan work to generate optimal air inlet velocity of 2 m/s for 1, 2, and 3 C and 4 m/s for 4 C discharge rates. There is a reduction of 50% and 33% fan work for 3 and 4 C discharge rates, which are the majority operating points. Also, it shows that the temperature uniformity within the cells has improved. The results of this study can used to optimize parameters for designing an enhanced thermal management system.     

Magneto-electro-elastic analysis of piezoelectric–flexoelectric nanobeams rested on silica aerogel foundation

This article explores that the study on bending of magneto-electric-elastic nanobeams relies on nonlocal elasticity theory. The Vlasov’s model foundation utilizes the silica aerogel foundation. The guiding expressions of nonlocal nanobeams in the considered framework are used extensively and where parabolic third-order beam theory is achieved after using Hamilton’s principle. Parametric work is introduced to scrutinize the influence of the magneto-electro-mechanical loadings, nonlocal parameter, and aspect ratio on the deflection characteristics of nanobeams. It is noticed that the boundary conditions, nonlocal parameter, and beam geometrical parameters have significant effects on dimensionless deflection of nanoscale beams.

     

Seismic Fragility of Steel Piping System Based on Pipe Size,Coupling Type,and Wall Thickness

In this study, a probabilistic framework of the damage assessment of pipelines subjected to extreme hazard scenario was developed to mitigate the risk and enhance design reliability. Nonlinear 3D finite element models of T-joint systems were developed based on experimental tests with respect to leakage detection of black iron piping systems, and a damage assessment analysis of the vulnerability of their components according to nominal pipe size, coupling type, and wall thickness under seismic wave propagations was performed. The analysis results showed the 2-inch schedule 40 threaded T-joint system to be more fragile than the others with respect to the nominal pipe sizes. As for the coupling types, the data indicated that the probability of failure of the threaded T-joint coupling was significantly higher than that of the grooved type. Finally, the seismic capacity of the schedule 40 wall thickness was weaker than that of schedule 10 in the 4-inch grooved coupling, due to the difference in the prohibition of energy dissipation. Therefore, this assessment can contribute to the damage detection and financial losses due to failure of the joint piping system in a liquid pipeline, prior to the decision-making.     

Preparation of rice analogues using extrusion technology

Rice is considered as staple food in many parts of the world. An issue of concern is the breakage of rice kernels in milling processes, and these broken kernels are not generally accepted by consumers. These broken kernels can be mixed with some desired additives to improve their quality and extruded for the preparation of reconstituted rice kernels or rice analogues. Various studies have been conducted for the preparation of the rice analogues in the past few decades, and recently attempts have been made to fortify these analogues with protein, certain vitamins and minerals. The main features such as colour, shape, size, texture, and cooking characteristics and cooking time of these rice‐like grains can be tailored to the requirements of specific applications by modification of the extrusion parameters. Various organisations, such as Wuxi NutriRice Co. (DSM/Buhler) and China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporate (COFCO), Superlative Snacks Inc., Vigui and PATH, have utilised this technique to prepare fortified and reconstituted rice. Studies have shown that it is possible to improve the nutritional quality of rice by fortified rice analogues. This article reviews research results of the many approaches to the formation of fortified rice analogues by extrusion‐based technologies.     

A Novel Approach to Model Threshold Voltage and Subthreshold Current of Graded-Doped Junctionless-Gate-All-Around (GD-JL-GAA) MOSFETs

Silicon - This present article interprets the analytical models of central channel potential, the threshold voltage, and subthreshold current for Graded-Doped Junctionless-Gate-All-Around...     

Combination of modal responses: A closed-form formulation for rigid response coefficient

Recent studies conducted by US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) for combining modal responses in a response spectrum method of seismic analysis and design have emphasized that each modal response quantity should be separated into damped-periodic and rigid parts before combining the contributions from different modes. The damped-periodic parts of modal responses are combined using the double-sum equation whereas the rigid parts are combined algebraically. A particular modal response quantity is separated into damped-periodic and rigid parts using the “rigid response coefficient”. The USNRC sponsored study recommends the calculation of rigid response coefficient by either the Lindley–Yow approach or Gupta method. While Lindley–Yow's method has a heuristic basis and gives incorrect results in low frequency region, Gupta's method is based on numerical studies of free-field earthquake motions and works well in the frequency regions of interest for a free-field ground motion. A closed-form solution was developed by Hahn and Valenti in 1997 using a frequency domain approach. With appropriate simplifications, their work can be shown to result in an expression which is very similar to that given by Gupta. It must be noted that the earthquake input to the secondary systems such as piping and equipment is defined by a floor motion and not a free-field ground motion. The frequency characteristics of a floor motion are very different from those of a free-field ground motion. In this paper, we study the validity of existing formulations for the case of floor motions and develop a closed-form solution based on a time domain approach to explain the behavior of rigid response coefficient. The formulation is then used to explain the nature of variation in rigid response coefficient for ground as well as floor motions. It is shown that the proposed formulation and its simplified form gives results that are identical to those evaluated numerically in the complete frequency region of interest.     

INTERNET‐BASED REAL‐TIME CONTROL ARCHITECTURES WITH TIME‐DELAY/PACKET‐LOSS COMPENSATION

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of Internet‐based real‐time control. A novel client/server‐based architecture for Internet‐based supervisory control with a Common Gateway Interface/Hyper Text Markup Language (CGI/HTML) interface is presented. A real‐time operating environment was established for closed‐loop control over Ethernet. We conceived of an autoregressive (AR) prediction scheme and a novel compensation algorithm to compensate for network‐induced time delays and data‐packet losses simultaneously. We constructed an open‐loop unstable ball magnetic‐levitation (maglev) setup as a test bed to validate the two proposed control architectures. Experimental results proved the feasibility of Internet‐based real‐time control and verified the effectiveness of the proposed time‐delay/packet‐loss compensation algorithm in networked feedback control systems.     

A survey on resource allocation in high performance distributed computing systems

An efficient resource allocation is a fundamental requirement in high performance computing (HPC) systems. Many projects are dedicated to large-scale distributed computing systems that have designed and developed resource allocation mechanisms with a variety of architectures and services. In our study, through analysis, a comprehensive survey for describing resource allocation in various HPCs is reported. The aim of the work is to aggregate under a joint framework, the existing solutions for HPC to provide a thorough analysis and characteristics of the resource management and allocation strategies. Resource allocation mechanisms and strategies play a vital role towards the performance improvement of all the HPCs classifications. Therefore, a comprehensive discussion of widely used resource allocation strategies deployed in HPC environment is required, which is one of the motivations of this survey. Moreover, we have classified the HPC systems into three broad categories, namely: (a) cluster, (b) grid, and (c) cloud systems and define the characteristics of each class by extracting sets of common attributes. All of the aforementioned systems are cataloged into pure software and hybrid/hardware solutions. The system classification is used to identify approaches followed by the implementation of existing resource allocation strategies that are widely presented in the literature.