Schrifttumsberichte

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Mechanische Holzverwertung,Holzindustrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Simulating the spread of opinions in online social networks when targeting opinion leaders

An increasing number of people are joining online social networks. By interacting with each other, network members influence one another’s opinion. These influencing effects can be utilized by marketing. A wave of influence can be triggered by addressing only a few opinion leaders in the network. Targeting the right opinion leaders is a big challenge. This paper presents a new approach which simulates the spread of opinions when influencing certain opinion leaders. In contrast to other approaches, the influencing effects are not assumed but revealed by real data. The principles of opinion formation are detected by ant mining algorithms before they are applied to simulate the spread of opinions. The approach is applied to an online gaming community and provides valuable insights for marketing.     

Oxidation behavior of Mo-Si-B-(X) alloys: Macro- and microalloying (X= Cr,Zr, La<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>)

High melting Mo-Si-B based alloys exhibit good mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at very high temperatures. The alloy composition Mo-9Si-8B (at.%) shows excellent oxidation behavior between 900°C–1,300°C as a consequence of protective silica scale formation. Below 900°C, a protective oxide layer does not form as a consequence of simultaneous and competitive Mo- and Si-oxide formation. Macro- and microalloying strategies as well as pre-treatment prior to oxidation in air were examined in order to determine their impact on the oxidation performance. Alloying with Cr is a suitable means for protective Cr-oxide scale formation at intermediate temperatures; adding small amounts of reactive elements was found to have a strong impact on the silica scale forming ability. Furthermore, the oxidation behavior can be controlled and enhanced by selective oxidation in oxygen-deficient atmospheres prior to exposure to air.     

In vitro study of lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity of cow urine

This study represents a comprehensive analysis and scientific validation of our ancient knowledge about the ethnopharmacological aspects of cow urine by measuring the lipid peroxidation, radical scavenging, and level of reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Graded doses of cow urine were administered orally to experimentally treated rats. Results of liver and plasma from experimentally treated rats indicated that cow urine reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance significantly in all the treatments (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments with the liver of control and experimentally treated rats were also carried out against cumene hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation. On LCMS analysis, the antioxidant component of cow urine was identified as uric acid (m/z 169.07). The results demonstrate that the cow urine-mediated induction of antioxidant level controls oxidative damage, even after minimal processing, and thus is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of synthetic antioxidants.     

A Material Model for TRIP‐Steels and its Application to a CrMnNi Cast Alloy

A material model is presented that accounts for strain rate dependent inelastic deformation and strain‐induced phase transformation in TRIP‐steels. Modifications for the kinetics equations of the strain‐induced phase transformation, introduced by Stringfellow, are proposed to overcome a drawback of Stringfellow's model. A parameter identification strategy that relies on Gauss‐Markov estimates is used to determine the model parameters from experimental data of a recently developed cast TRIP‐steel. Good agreement is observed between experimental results of the compression test and the corresponding finite element simulation employing the proposed model. This forms the basis for future applications of the material model in the design of composites and structures.     

The live cell irradiation and observation setup at SNAKE

We describe a new setup at the ion microprobe SNAKE (Superconducting Nanoscope for Applied nuclear (Kern-) physics Experiments) at the Munich 14 MV Tandem accelerator that facilitates both living cell irradiation with sub micrometer resolution and online optical imaging of the cells before and after irradiation by state of the art phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. The cells are kept at standard cell growth conditions at 37 °C in cell culture medium. After irradiation it is possible to switch from single ion irradiation conditions to cell observation within 0.5 s. First experiments were performed targeting substructures of a cell nucleus that were tagged by TexasRed labeled nucleotides incorporated in the cellular DNA by 55 MeV single carbon ion irradiation. In addition we show first online sequences of short time kinetics of Mdc1 protein accumulation in the vicinity of double strand breaks after carbon ion irradiation.     

餐厨垃圾与污泥厌氧发酵产气动力学特性研究

对餐厨垃圾、污水厂污泥以及餐厨垃圾与污泥混合甲烷发酵的产气能力与动力学特性进行了实验分析,餐厨垃圾在中温和高温发酵的产甲烷潜能分别是400和426 mL CH4?gVS−1,经过120℃、20 min蒸煮除油后的餐厨垃圾在中温和高温发酵的产甲烷潜能分别是418和531 mL CH4?gVS−1。经Gompertz模型计算,除油后餐厨垃圾的最大产甲烷速率Rmax比除油前提高了49.8%（中温）和19.0%（高温）,但餐厨垃圾中固体有机物的产甲烷速率变化不明显。在餐厨垃圾机械破碎匀浆过程中,部分固体有机物被液化,中、高温发酵产气过程的一级动力学呈现两阶段特征,液相有机物在中温发酵的产甲烷速率（速率常数k = 0.1955 d−1）略快于高温（k = 0.1543 d−1）;而固体有机物在高温条件下的产甲烷速率（k = 0.0804 d−1）快于中温（k = 0.0388 d−1）。除油后餐厨垃圾中的固体有机物和污泥高温发酵的产甲烷速率也快于中温发酵,表明高温发酵有利于提高固体有机物的产气速率。污泥的产气潜能较低,产气速率慢,与餐厨垃圾共发酵有助于调节碱度和防止发酵体系的酸化。     

Nano-Design für Makroschichten

Nano design for macroscopic coatings – new application potentials by PVD coatings up to 100 μm thickness Non-homogeneous coatings still limit the application of thicker layers due to defect growth and irregular layer thickness distribution along the surface of complex shaped components. Therefore, the layer thickness is usually limited to about 10 μm. In order to limit the surface roughness by the growing layer, multilayer coating systems are deposited by highly ionized plasmas. This allows significantly smoother layers to be produced, which until now could only be produced by mechanical finishing. Furthermore, by combining selected material systems and targeted parameter selection, structures can be deposited during coating, especially on edges, which result in a reduction of the cutting edge radius. In future, edge geometries should therefore be able to be specifically adjusted through the coating process.