Monitoring Process Variability for Stationary Process Data

Processes that arise naturally, for example, from manufacturing or the environment, often exhibit complicated autocorrelation structures. When monitoring such a process for changes in variance, accounting for that structure is critical. While charts for monitoring the variance of processes of independent observations and some specific autocorrelated processes have been proposed in the past, the chart presented in this article can handle a general stationary process. The performance of the proposed chart was examined through simulations for the first‐order autoregressive and first‐order autoregressive‐moving average processes and demonstrated with examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modular and Versatile Spatial Functionalization of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds through Fiber‐Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization

Native tissues are typically heterogeneous and hierarchically organized, and generating scaffolds that can mimic these properties is critical for tissue engineering applications. By uniquely combining controlled radical polymerization (CRP), end‐functionalization of polymers, and advanced electrospinning techniques, a modular and versatile approach is introduced to generate scaffolds with spatially organized functionality. Poly‐ε‐caprolactone is end functionalized with either a polymerization‐initiating group or a cell‐binding peptide motif cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (cRGDS), and are each sequentially electrospun to produce zonally discrete bilayers within a continuous fiber scaffold. The polymerization‐initiating group is then used to graft an antifouling polymer bottlebrush based on poly(ethylene glycol) from the fiber surface using CRP exclusively within one bilayer of the scaffold. The ability to include additional multifunctionality during CRP is showcased by integrating a biotinylated monomer unit into the polymerization step allowing postmodification of the scaffold with streptavidin‐coupled moieties. These combined processing techniques result in an effective bilayered and dual‐functionality scaffold with a cell‐adhesive surface and an opposing antifouling non‐cell‐adhesive surface in zonally specific regions across the thickness of the scaffold, demonstrated through fluorescent labelling and cell adhesion studies. This modular and versatile approach combines strategies to produce scaffolds with tailorable properties for many applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.     

Basis enrichment and solid–fluid coupling for model‐reduced fluid simulation

We present several enhancements to model‐reduced fluid simulation that allow improved simulation bases and two‐way solid–fluid coupling. Specifically, we present a basis enrichment scheme that allows us to combine data‐driven or artistically derived bases with more general analytic bases derived from Laplacian eigenfunctions. We handle two‐way solid–fluid coupling in a time‐splitting fashion—we alternately timestep the fluid and rigid body simulators, while taking into account the effects of the fluid on the rigid bodies and vice versa. We employ the vortex panel method to handle solid–fluid coupling and use dynamic pressure to compute the effect of the fluid on rigid bodies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chalcogenide Glasses for Infrared Photonics

The last advances in the synthesis and shaping techniques of chalcogenide glasses suitable for infrared photonics are reported. Ball milling combined with spark plasma sintering allows the preparation of bulk chalcogenide glasses at lower temperature and at lower cost. Microstructuring of optical fibers results in enhanced nonlinear properties leading to the demonstration of low-threshold Brillouin laser at 1.55 μm, all-optical wavelength conversion and time-domain demultiplexing with a 170 Gb/s rate, and supercontinuum between 1.5 and 2.8 μm. The potential of integrated waveguides for functions such as near-IR sensing, mid-IR injection, and (bio)-chemical functionalization is shown.     

Land Use Planning and Bushfire Risk: CFA Referrals and the February 2009 Victorian Fire Area

The Victoria Planning Provisions (VPPs) include siting and design regulations incorporated into local government planning schemes to mitigate risk in areas prone to bushfires. Introduced in 1997, these provisions were previously called the Wildfire Management Overlay (WMO). Now updated and renamed the Bushfire Management Overlay (BMO), the provision's ongoing development has been informed by fire behaviour and how houses ignite. The aim of the research reported here, conducted following the catastrophic February 2009 Victorian fires, was to review dwelling losses in terms of the WMO's effectiveness. Empirical evidence compares house losses of dwellings referred to the Country Fire Authority (CFA) via the WMO, with overall house losses. The results suggest that proportionately fewer houses referred to the CFA were lost, compared with those not assessed under the WMO. It should be noted that other factors influenced the results, such as the houses assessed under the WMO being generally newer.     

The sedimentation of memory

This paper explores how architecture can embody the past. In the context of Berlin—the site of much prominent contemporary memorial architecture—it examines one project in detail: Reitermann and Sassenroth's widely overlooked Chapel of Reconciliation, completed in 2000. This building, I argue, demonstrates a distinctive and critically acute approach to memory. Unlike the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, designed by Peter Eisenmann, and the Jewish Museum, designed by Daniel Libeskind, which are projects that make worlds-unto-themselves—and unlike the work of Carlo Scarpa in Verona, or Sverre Fehn at Hamar, or Peter Zumthor in Cologne, where layers of history are conspicuously displayed one-on-top-of-the-next—the Chapel displays a sedimentary approach to the past. This sedimentation is not an outright rejection of history; nor does it suggest that history proceeds as a single, linear narrative. While the Chapel's architecture may not have immediate visceral impact, its thoughtfulness and subtlety repay careful scrutiny. The chapel is read here as a cultural artefact, its organisation and details examined in relation to its specific historical, physical and intellectual contexts.     

The expression of movement in architecture

‘Movement’ in Architecture can mean different things, and the idea of ‘expressed movement’ has, alone, been variously conceived. This article attempts to distinguish between these notions and propose a taxonomy. Two general categories are defined: ‘contained movement’, where it is not the architecture that is thought of as moving, but the eye, mind, imagined body or forces; and ‘represented movement’, where there is an implication or illusion that the architecture is in motion. It is argued that different kinds of movement often work together. These ideas are illustrated and situated through a brief historiographical survey, first outlining the tradition of discussing expressed movement in western architecture, then extending to writings on the arts and architecture of India. An analysis of movement in Indian temple architecture is put forward in order to demonstrate how an interpretation of a particular kind of architecture in terms of specific movement patterns can be substantiated, primarily by communicating these patterns unambiguously through visual means. Finally, current thinking about architectural movement is touched upon. It is suggested that openness to the diversity of conceptions of how movement is expressed may both sharpen the analysis of architecture and extend the possibilities for its creation.     

Structure and Substrate Recognition of the Bottromycin Maturation Enzyme BotP

The bottromycins are a family of highly modified peptide natural products, which display potent antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bottromycins have recently been shown to be ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Unique amongst RiPPs, the precursor peptide BotA contains a C‐terminal “follower” sequence, rather than the canonical N‐terminal “leader” sequence. We report herein the structural and biochemical characterization of BotP, a leucyl‐aminopeptidase‐like enzyme from the bottromycin pathway. We demonstrate that BotP is responsible for the removal of the N‐terminal methionine from the precursor peptide. Determining the crystal structures of both apo BotP and BotP in complex with Mn²⁺ allowed us to model a BotP/substrate complex and to rationalize substrate recognition. Our data represent the first step towards targeted compound modification to unlock the full antibiotic potential of bottro‐ mycin.