Novel fibre optic gyroscope with a configuration combining Sagnac interferometer with fibre ring resonator

A novel fibre optic gyroscope, with a structure making use of the combination of a Sagnac interferometer with an active fibre ring-resonator, is proposed and analysed. The proposed gyroscope can be viewed as a generalised structure of the conventional Sagnac interferometric type fibre optical gyroscope. It has the advantages of both long fibre loop length and multipath interferences. By inserting a fibre amplifier in the loop to provide an optical gain of several dB, the relative maximum sensitivity is enhanced to approximately 30 times more than that of conventional Sagnac interferometric fibre optic gyroscopes.<>     

Survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

1. The roles of both Ca2+ and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in carbachol and K(+)-stimulated [3H]-noradrenaline release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were examined. 2. Both carbachol and K+ caused a time- and dose-related stimulation of [3H]-noradrenaline release. The release event in perfused cells was monophasic. Half-maximum stimulation measured in statically incubated (3 min) cells was 38 +/- 4 microM and 63 +/- 4 mM respectively. K+ (100 mM, added)-evoked release was greater than that produced by carbachol (1 mM). 3. Both carbachol and K+ caused a time- and dose (measured at 3 min)-related stimulation of cyclic AMP formation with half-maximum stimulation occurring at 5 +/- 1 microM and 49 +/- 2 mM respectively. In contrast to its effects on release, carbachol produced a greater stimulation of cyclic AMP formation than K+. 4. K(+)-stimulated [3H]-noradrenaline release was entirely dependent on Ca2+ entry as 2.5 mM Ni2+ abolished release. However, carbachol-evoked (1 mM) release appeared to be unaffected by Ni2+ pretreatment. 5. These data suggest that in SH-SY5Y cells, elevated cyclic AMP levels are not directly involved in [3H]-noradrenaline release. In addition, carbachol-stimulated release is largely independent of extracellular Ca2+ possibly implying a role for intracellular stored Ca2+ in the release process.     

Primary spinal T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma: a case report

During my nursing career, I remember constantly being aware of patients who needed some emotional help--those who were frightened about a forthcoming operation, those who were shocked and despairing after being given their diagnosis and prognosis, others who were down in the dumps because they couldn't go home as soon as they had hoped. There were also the 'ward clowns' who tried to make everyone laugh with their good humour and little pranks, yet felt no less anxious, worried or depressed than anyone else. Patients seem to fit into categories: the nervous ones, the depressives, the jovial types, the moaners, those who demand attention and those who shun it. I feel sure that every nurse has noticed the different 'types' of people who fill hospital beds-ordinary people who seem to take on a new persona as soon as they get into their pyjamas and become a 'patient'. Somehow, their identity gets folded up and put away in their locker along with their outdoor clothes and other reminders of the outside world.     

Pentoxifylline inhibits hypoxia-induced upregulation of tumor cell tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of longitudinal stress fracture of the tibia (LSFT). A retrospective study of imaging findings was performed in 15 patients with LSFT. The CT and MR images were compared for detection of fracture line, callus, bone marrow edema, and soft tissues changes. The CT and MRI techniques allowed the detection of the fracture line in 82 and 73 % of cases, respectively. The callus was always visualized with CT or MRI. The MRI technique had a markedly higher sensitivity than CT in the detection of bone marrow edema (73 vs 18 %) and soft tissue lesions (87 vs 9 %). This may cause a misleading aggressive appearance on MRI. Computed tomography remains the best imaging modality for diagnosis of LSFT. However, MRI findings should be known to obviate the performance of CT or bone biopsy.     

Strongyloides stercoralis: identification of antigens in natural human infections from endemic areas of the United States

Using Western-blot analysis, we identified eight immunodominant antigens (apparent molecular weights 96, 86, 75, 56, 41, 32, 28, and 26 kDa) of Strongyloides stercoralis in natural human infections. For this study, 78 individual serum samples were obtained from S. stercoralis-infected patients residing in endemic areas of the United States. Poly A+ RNA was translated in vitro in the rabbit-reticulocyte lysate system. The newly synthesized translation products were immuno-precipitated with S. stercoralis human infection sera. All eight of the identified antigens were detected in the immunoprecipitates. The potential of these antigens as targets for immunodiagnosis is also discussed.     

Fluorescent lipids of bovine brain white matter

Two fluorescent lipids were isolated from a chloroform-methanol (2∶1 v/v) extract of bovine brain white matter by two-step preparative thin layer chromatography on Silica Gel G. The first step was performed with chloroform-diethyl ether-acetic acid (70∶30∶1 v/v) as developing solvent and revealed a single fluorescent band below the solvent front. The band was scraped off, and the lipid was eluted in chloroform and reapplied to Silica Gel G plates. In the second step, benzene-methanol-ethyl acetate (85∶10∶5 v/v) as developing solvent revealed two fluoresent bands (A and B) with R_f values of 0.72 and 0.65. The lipids were eluted and the UV and visible absorption spectra were measured in heptane, as were the excitation and fluorescence spectra. Sulfuric acid absorption spectra (2 and 24 hr treatment at 22 C) as well as the resulting excitation and fluorescence spectra were also determined. The fluorescent lipids reacted positively in a number of nonspecific color tests for steroids, but the chemical nature of these minor components of the neutral lipid fraction remains to be established.     

Time-domain measurement of negative group delay in negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterials

We have simulated and constructed a one-dimensional metamaterial composed of a periodically loaded transmission line that exhibits both negative and positive group velocities in a band of effective negative index of refraction. The negative group velocity or, equivalently, the negative group delay, is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in the time domain using modulated Gaussian pulses. Due to this negative delay, we can show an output pulse peak emerging from the loaded transmission line prior to the input peak entering the line, i.e., the output pulse precedes the input pulse. The fact that this surprising behavior does not violate the requirements of relativistic causality is illustrated with time-domain simulations, which show that discontinuities in the pulse waveforms are traveling at exactly the speed of light in vacuum. The pulse-reshaping mechanism underlying this behavior is also illustrated using time-domain simulations.     

Isolierung der durch ?thylenoxyd-1,214C derivatisierten Inhaltsstoffe aus Kakao und ihre massenspektrometrisch ermittelte Struktur

Zusammenfassung Bei der Auftrennung zahlreicher Fraktionen durch Extraktion und PDC aus dem Äthylenoxyd-1,2-¹⁴C begasten Kakaopulver (Entkeimung) konnten aus dem Wasserextrakt 2 Verbindungen isoliert werden, deren Struktur aufgrund der Massenspektren und IR-Spektren alsN,N-Bis-(Di-Äthoxy-O-hydroxyäthyl)-isoleucyl-alanyl-cystein (MG = 569) undN-(Äthoxy-O-hydroxyäthyl)-Tyrosin gefunden wurde. Die Konzentrationen liegen ungefü:hr bei 20 bzw. 50 mg/kg Kakaopulver.

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Isolation of the derivatives from coca-powder fumigated by ethylene oxide 1,2-¹⁴C and their Structure Suggested on the Basis of I. R. and Mass-Spectrometry

Summary In Coca-powder fumigated with Ethylene Oxide-1,2¹⁴C, several derivatives were isolated by extraction and preparative Thin Layer Chromatography. Of the two compounds isolated from the water-extract, the structures have been suggested asN,N-Bis-(Di-Ethoxy-O-Hydroxy-ethyl)-Isoleucyl-Alanyl-Cysteine (MW = 569) andN-(Ethoxy-O-Hydroxyethyl)-Tyrosine (MW = 269), based on I. R. and Mass Spectrometry. Their approximate concentrations were found to be 20 and 50 mg/kg respectively.

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Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für ihre finanzielle Unterstützung dieser Arbeit.

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Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Äthylenoxyd bei der Begasung von Lebensmitteln, IX. Mitteilung.

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Zum Teil aus der Dissertation von I. R. Siddiqui, Universität Bonn.     

Group separation of ethylene oxide 1,2-14c fumigated coca-powder derivatives and their distribution of radioactivity (author's transl)]

A procedure based on extraction, column chromatography and precipitation is described for the separation of ethylene oxide-1,2-14C fumigated coca-powder derivatives in 9 different groups. As it was found in wheat [1], the major portion of radioactivity lies in water extract; in coca-powder the major portion of radioactivity is also found in low molecular components.     

Involvement of the 5-HT1A subtype receptor in the neonatal organization of agonistic behaviour in the rat

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) interacts with testosterone (T) in the development of a number of neuronal systems controlling sexually dimorphic adult behaviours. In this report, we investigated this interaction on the organization of agonistic behaviour in males, females, androgenized females (250 micrograms/pup of T proprionate on the day of birth), and males castrated on the day of birth. We have shown previously that manipulating 5-HT2 activity over the 2nd week of life modulates adult agonistic behaviour, depending on genetic sex and the presence of T. In this report, we investigated the effects seen in adulthood of a 5-HT1A agonist [8-OH-DPAT, 0.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] and antagonist (WAY100135, 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) given over days 8-16 postpartum. The test for agonistic behaviour was carried out in a neutral territory against a matched conspecific, and introductory, offensive and defensive activities were note. Results show that neonatal administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY100135 increases introductory activity and defense in the presence of neonatal T, independent of genetic sex, because these effects were seen in sham-castrated males and androgenized females. Offence followed a similar pattern, in that it was increased by WAY100135, but only in males. In the case of defence, the effects of the antagonist were reinforced by the action of the agonist (8-OH-DPAT) in both males and females, indicating an inhibitory role of 5-HT1A perinatal activity on defence in the presence of malelike levels of circulating T and a facilitatory role when levels of T are low or negligible. These findings indicate that 5-HT1A activity is involved in the development of agonistic behaviour and the effects are influenced by T. The results also show that the offensive and defensive facets of agonistic activity are controlled differently.