路缘沉积:利用原型思维过程探究如何通过路缘及路肩设计截留暴雨中的路面污染物

The design of a curb is straight forward. The curb itself provides a conveyance of stormwater, facilitating the movement of water and pollutants from the street into waterways. Pollutants such as sediment, nutrients from lawn fertilizers, bacteria, viruses, pesticides, metals, and petroleum byproducts accumulate on the road surface and are released during storm events, carried to storm drains, and deposited into waterways, often without treatment. Once pollutants enter the waterways they impact the ecosystem and affect water quality. How can discrete standards—like a curb—be leveraged to have larger systemic impacts? The redesign of the curb to perform as a magnet for pollutants can challenge this design standard. During the summer of 2019, the interdisciplinary research team tested alternatives to the standard concrete curb and apron at Ohio State University. The team used an iterative design process to add patterning and crenellations to the face of the curb and apron. Using full scale models to test simulated storm events, the team collected data to evaluate the performance of 21 alternative designs. The results suggest the new combined curb and apron designs can abstract pollutants from roadways before they are detrimental to water bodies and aquatic ecosystems.     

低温升留胚米机的研发

介绍了低温升留胚米机的工作原理、结构、主要技术参数的选择及生产试验结果,以期为我国碾米设备的技术发展提供一种新的思路.该机采用了与现有碾米机完全不同的全新碾白室结构,使碾白过程的米粒温升低、增碎少、留胚率高、出品率高,生产同样精度的大米所需碾白次数少,应用此设备可简化碾米工艺流程,节省设备占地面积和车间建筑面积,尤其是可降低电耗50%以上.     

A telemetric pressure sensor system for biomedical applications

A new implantable pressure sensor for long-term monitoring of intracranial pressure is presented. The sensor is powered by telemetry and can be interrogated wirelessly. A capacitive pressure transducer, whose capacitance is converted to a frequency-encoded signal by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), senses the absolute pressure. The pressure-encoded signal, the ASIC input voltage, and onboard calibration parameters are transmitted to an external reading unit. The proposed novel packaging solution is designed for long-term stability and reliability of the sensor. The accuracy of sensor at body temperature is better than 2 mbar across a pressure range of 600-1200 mbar. The sensor is 13 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm in height.     

Extending the simultaneous-sequential paradigm to measure perceptual capacity for features and words.

In perception, divided attention refers to conditions in which multiple stimuli are relevant to an observer. To measure the effect of divided attention in terms of perceptual capacity, we introduce an extension of the simultaneous-sequential paradigm. The extension makes predictions for fixed-capacity models as well as for unlimited-capacity models. We apply this paradigm to two example tasks, contrast discrimination and word categorization, and find dramatically different effects of divided attention. Contrast discrimination has unlimited capacity, consistent with independent, parallel processing. Word categorization has a nearly fixed capacity, consistent with either serial processing or fixed-capacity, parallel processing. We argue that these measures of perceptual capacity rely on relatively few assumptions compared to most alternative measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Power Conditioning Subsystems for Photovoltaic Central-Station Power Plants: State-of-the-Art and Advanced Technology

Through the combined efforts of governmental agencies and laboratories, private organizations, universities and electric utilities, substantial progress has been made in bringing photovoltaic (PV) systems closer to commercial feasibility. The future availability of central station power conditioner subsystems (CS-PCS) that are efficient, safe, reliable, and economical will play a key role in the acceptance of large-scale PV energy by electric utilities. To accelerate the development of such CS-PCS hardware, the Department of Energy's Photovoltaic Division, as part of its Five Year Plan, has established a goal of a reliable, 98 percent-efficient CS-PCS that in volume production will cost $0.07/Wp. This will help make PV power economically competitive with electric power derived from conventional energy sources. Various governmental agencies and private organizations are cooperating to try to achieve this proposed goal. The combination of a dwindling federal budget for PV research and development (R&D), and the reluctance of American industry to accept the high economic risks involved in its own PV R&D efforts, could shift the leading edge of PV-PCS technology development to foreign competition, in general, and to Japanese industry, in particular.     

Clinical implications of attentional bias in anxiety disorders: An integrative literature review.

Research on information processing biases has been motivated by the hope that it would lead to new and more efficient psychotherapeutic interventions. The literature is abundant with empirical data of attentional biases toward threat stimuli in anxiety disorders. This article aims to review the existing literature on the topic of attentional bias in anxiety disorders and discuss important implications for clinical practice. We adopted an integrative approach to link research data on attentional bias, information processing, and cognitive accounts (automaticity and controllability) with clinical practice in cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is important to develop and apply therapeutic interventions that can effectively reduce negative attentional biases while treating the main problems associated with anxiety disorders. However, it remains to be seen whether cognitive therapy interventions targeting more voluntary, strategic information processing can have a positive impact on automatic, involuntary processing involved in attentional biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of shaking procedures on the neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate fraction in fertiliser materials

The effect of four types of shaker, extraction time and temperature on the quantity of phosphate extracted by neutral ammonium citrate was evaluated at two research laboratories. Six unprocessed phosphate rocks, and five partially acidulated and four fully acidulated phosphate fertilisers were investigated. Compared with the more than 10-fold variation in the solubility of the two reactive phosphate rock materials, Sechura and North Carolina, that resulted from using different types of shaker, the solubility of the unreactive phosphate rock materials and the partially and fully acidulated phosphate fertilisers in citrate was influenced to a much smaller degree by the action of the shaker. Sechura was less soluble in citrate that all four unreactive phosphate rock materials when either of the two horizontal shakers were used. This is totally at odds with the documented differences in the chemical reactivity' and agronomic effectiveness of these phosphate rock materials. Not until a wrist-action shaker was used did the solubility of Sechura and North Carolina exceed that of the unreactive materials and approach that obtained with a full end-over-end shake. The neutral ammonium citrate procedure needs to include a more precise definition of the type of shaker and its speed. In laboratories where temperature-controlled extraction is not available, a 24-h shake at 20°C using an orbital or end-over-end apparatus could be an alternative to the standard 1-h extraction at 65°C.     

Nanofiber Aerogels with Precision Macrochannels and LL-37-Mimic Peptides Synergistically Promote Diabetic Wound Healing

Fast healing of diabetic wounds remains a major clinical challenge. Herein, this study reports a strategy to combine nanofiber aerogels containing precision macrochannels and the LL-37-mimic peptide W379 for rapid diabetic wound healing. Nanofiber aerogels consisting of poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PGLA 90:10)/gelatin and poly-p-dioxanone (PDO)/gelatin short electrospun fiber segments are prepared by partially anisotropic freeze-drying, cross-linking, and sacrificial templating with 3D printed meshes, exhibiting nanofibrous architecture and precision micro-/macrochannels. Like human cathelicidin LL-37, W379 peptide at a concentration of 3 µg mL⁻¹ enhances the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in a cell scratch assay and a proliferation assay. In vivo studies show that nanofiber aerogels with precision macrochannels can greatly promote cell penetration compared to aerogels without macrochannels. Relative to control and aerogels with and without macrochannels, adding W379 peptides to aerogels with precision macrochannels shows the best efficacy in healing diabetic wounds in mice in terms of cell infiltration, neovascularization, and re-epithelialization. The fast re-epithelization could be due to the upregulation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) after treatment with W379. Together, the approach developed in this study could be promising for the treatment of diabetic wounds and other chronic wounds.     

A model for modulus development of dual-cure resin systems

A phenomenological model for cure-dependent modulus is described for materials undergoing a two-stage curing reaction. These dual-cure resin systems commonly use a thermally activated reaction in the second stage with temperatures exceeding the glass transition temperature of the intermediate product. This leads to a non-linear development of the elastic modulus, with an observable softening effect and the potential for large structural deformations. In this study, the elastic modulus was measured at discrete levels of thermal conversion and processing temperatures. The results are used to determine the cure and temperature dependent-modulus and create a model capable of following the modulus development throughout the entire thermal processing stage. Applications and a processing guideline are discussed.     

Harnessing Multiple,Nonproteogenic Substitutions to Optimize CSP:ComD Hydrophobic Interactions in Group 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a human pathobiont that causes drastic antibiotic-resistant infections and is responsible for millions of deaths universally. Pneumococcus pathogenicity relies on the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) pathway that controls competence development for genetic transformation and, consequently, the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Modulation of QS in S. pneumoniae can therefore be used to enervate pneumococcal infectivity as well as minimize the susceptibility to resistance development. In this work, we sought to optimize the interaction of CSP1 with its cognate transmembrane histidine kinase receptor (ComD1) through substitution of proteogenic and nonproteogenic amino acids on the hydrophobic binding face of CSP1. The findings from this study not only provided additional structure–activity data that are significant in optimizing CSP1 potency, but also led to the development of potent QS modulators. These CSP-based QS modulators could be used as privileged scaffolds for the development of antimicrobial agents against pneumococcal infections.