Barriers to the adoption of an energy efficient technology

Solid state electronic ballasts promise significant energy savings in the lighting systems of large buildings. However, organizational factors and standard operating procedures may inhibit the adoption of this technology in the large, bureaucratic public and private sector organizations which represent the major potential users of this technology.     

Untersuchungen im Dreistoffsystem Eisen (II)-oxid–Chrom(III)-oxid–Tonerde

Schrifttumsübersicht über die beteiligten Randsysteme. Klärung der Frage, welche Fassung des Zustandsschaubildes Eisen(II)-oxid–Tonerde zutreffend ist, mit Hilfe von Schmelzen im Tonerdetiegel. Ermittlung des Schmelzpunktes des Hercynits. Sättigungsisothermen eisen(II)-oxidreicher Schlacken an Hercynit. Untersuchung des quasibinären Schnittes Hercynit–Chromit mit Röntgenfeinstruktur- und Mikrosondenmessungen. Entwurf des Zustandsschaubildes FeO–Cr₂O₃–Al₂O₃.     

Style of adaptation to perceived aversive maternal stimulation and selective attention to evaluative cues.

Tested the hypothesis that given sustained exposure to aversive maternal control, the male child tends to adapt by 1 of 2 coping styles: (a) a closed style involving social avoidance and narrowed attention to evaluative cues, and (b) an open style embracing manipulative social approach and heightened attention to evaluative cues. 49 experimentally defined closed style and open style aversive-control male undergraduates were compared in their ability to recognize briefly exposed evaluative words. The closed style group correctly identified fewer words than the open style group as predicted. Incorrectly identified words reflected a tendency toward evaluative self-enhancement for both groups. Control comparisons revealed neither difference. Some promising relations between coping styles, breadth of attention to evaluative cues, and paranoid behavior are noted. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Über die Entstehung eines Bauschingereffektes bei plastischer Biegung

Verschiebung der spannungs- und dehnungsfreien Fasern in Richtung auf den Krümmungsmittelpunkt beim Biegeversuch. Umkehr der Formänderungsrichtung nahe der Probenmitte bei zunehmender plastischer Verformung. Auswirkung dieses Richtungswechsels auf die Spannungsverteilung.     

Estimation of safe exposure time from an ophthalmic operating microscope with regard to ultraviolet radiation and blue-light hazards to the eye

Hazards from the optical radiation of an operating microscope that cause damage at the corneal, lenticular, and retinal levels were investigated; we considered, in particular, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and blue light. The spectral irradiance from a Zeiss operation microscope OPMI VISU 200 was measured in the corneal plane between 300 and 1100 nm. Effective irradiance and radiance were calculated with relative spectral effectiveness data from the American Conference for Governmental and Industrial Hygienists. Safe exposure time to avoid UVR injury to the lens and cornea was found to be 2 h without a filter, 4 h with a UVR filter, 200 a yellow filter, and 400 h with a filter combination. Safe exposure time to avoid retinal photochemical injury was found to be 3 min without a filter and with a UVR filter, 10 min with a yellow filter, and 49 min with a filter combination. The effective radiance limit for retinal thermal injury was not exceeded. The hazard due to the UVR component from the operating microscope is not critical, and operation time can be safely prolonged with the use of appropriate filters. The retinal photochemical hazard appears critical without appropriate filters, permitting only some minutes of safe exposure time. The calculated safe exposure times are for worst-case conditions and maximal light output and include a safety factor.     

MITNYS-II?A Digital Program for On-Line Analysis of Nystagmus

A digital computer program, MITNYS-II, has been developed for on-line analysis of nystagmus which results from visual, vestibular or caloric stimulation. The program accepts sampled records of eye position and yields cumulative slow phase position, slow phase velocity, instantaneous fast phase frequency and other parameters in 25 ms. In this paper the algorithms by which fast phases are detected, and by which slow phase cumulative eye position is extrapolated across the fast phase interval are described. Extensive tests with vestibular, optokinetic and caloric nystagmus yield reliability figures of the order of 2% for false identification of fast phases and missed fast phases. MITNYS-II has been successfully employed to interpret clinical EOG records, examples of which are presented.     

Der Zerfall von Mischkristallen des Wüstits Fe1–xO mit drei- und höherwertigen Kationen bei 200 bis 650 °C

Untersuchung (röntgenographisch, mikroskopisch und mit der Mikrosonde) des Zerfalls von Wüstitmischkristallen mit Zusatz von Aluminium-, Silizium(IV)-, Phosphor(V)- oder Chrom(III)-oxyd nach isothermischem Halten swischen 200 und 650 °C. Einfluß der Temperatur, der Haltezeit und der Art des Zusatzoxydes auf den Wüstitzerfall. Erörterung und Deutung der Versuchsergebnisse über den Zerfallsablauf mit seinen verschiedenen Teilschritten.     

Die Stoßwellen beim Bruch langer Zugproben und ihr Einfluß auf die Gleichmaßdehnung

Zugversuche an langen Proben aus Spannstahl 145/160 mit rd. 0,45% C, 1,5% Si, 0,6% Mn, 0,4% Cr und 0,15% Cu und Ermittlung der Oleichmaßdehnung unter der Höchstkraft und nach dem Bruch. Messung der Stauchung und Aufnahme der hoch- und niederfrequenten Stoßwellen beim Bruch.     

Resonance and nonresonant laser ionization of sputtered uranium atoms from thin films and single microparticles: evaluation of a combined system for particle trace analysis

The resonance and nonresonant laser ionization of uranium atoms sputtered from thin metal films and individual micrometer-size uranium oxide particles, respectively, was studied to evaluate a new setup for the analysis of actinide-containing micrometer-size particles. Experiments using nonresonant (193-nm) ionization of atoms and molecules sputtered from micrometer-size uranium oxide particles have shown that the uranium detection efficiencies for sputtered neutral atoms are approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than for secondary ions. In uranium particles of 0.5-microm diameter, 6 x 10(6) atoms of 235U were easily detected and the isotopic ratio of 235U/238U = 0.0048 +/- 4.6% is in excellent agreement with the certified value. The use of two-color, two-step resonance ionization of the sputtered neutral uranium atoms from thin films was investigated. Several excitation schemes were tested, and a significant population of several low-lying metastable states after ion sputtering was observed. Autoionizing states for double-resonant ionization were determined, and the high selectivity of ionization schemes involving these autoionizing states was illustrated by comparing the flight-time distributions of different sputtered species obtained both by resonance and nonresonant multiphoton (355-nm) laser postionization. Ideally, the options for resonance as well as nonresonant ionization would be combined in a single setup, to obtain a large gain in sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, information about the main components as well as specific isotopic information of a trace element could be obtained from the same single particle.     

High Sensitivity,Wearable, Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Based on Irregular Microhump Structures and Its Applications in Body Motion Sensing

A pressure sensor based on irregular microhump patterns has been proposed and developed. The devices show high sensitivity and broad operating pressure regime while comparing with regular micropattern devices. Finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized to confirm the sensing mechanism and predict the performance of the pressure sensor based on the microhump structures. Silicon carbide sandpaper is employed as the mold to develop polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microhump patterns with various sizes. The active layer of the piezoresistive pressure sensor is developed by spin coating PEDOT:PSS on top of the patterned PDMS. The devices show an averaged sensitivity as high as 851 kPa^?1, broad operating pressure range (20 kPa), low operating power (100 nW), and fast response speed (6.7 kHz). Owing to their flexible properties, the devices are applied to human body motion sensing and radial artery pulse. These flexible high sensitivity devices show great potential in the next generation of smart sensors for robotics, real‐time health monitoring, and biomedical applications.