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91.
Evaluation of Crop Models for Simulating and Optimizing Deficit Irrigation Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Countries Under Climate Variability 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sebastian?KlossEmail author Raji?Pushpalatha Kefasi?J.?Kamoyo Niels?Schütze 《Water Resources Management》2012,26(4):997-1014
The variability of fresh water availability in arid and semi-arid countries poses a serious challenge to farmers to cope with
when depending on irrigation for crop growing. This has shifted the focus onto improving irrigation management and water productivity
(WP) through controlled deficit irrigation (DI). DI can be conceived as a strategy to deal with these challenges but more
knowledge on risks and chances of this strategy is urgently needed. The availability of simulation models that can reliably
predict crop yield under the influence of soil, atmosphere, irrigation, and agricultural management practices is a prerequisite
for deriving reliable and effective deficit irrigation strategies. In this context, this article discusses the performance
of the crop models CropWat, PILOTE, Daisy, and APSIM when being part of a stochastic simulation-based approach to improve
WP by focusing primarily on the impact of climate variability. The stochastic framework consists of: (i) a weather generator
for simulating regional impacts of climate variability; (ii) a tailor-made evolutionary optimization algorithm for optimal
irrigation scheduling with limited water supply; and (iii) the above mentioned models for simulating water transport and crop
growth in a sound manner. The results present stochastic crop water production functions (SCWPFs) that can be used as basic
tools for assessing the impact on the risk for the potential yield due to water stress and climate variability. Example simulations
from India, Malawi, France and Oman are presented and the suitability of these crop models to be employed in a framework for
optimizing WP is evaluated. 相似文献
92.
An influence of the extraction voltage on the high energy slope of bremsstrahlung radiation spectra has been reported in ECRIS experiments, which is not well understood so far. In order to provide more detailed data on this effect, we have measured bremsstrahlung radiation spectra accompanying especially the evolution of highly charge ions (i.e., by monitoring the Ar(14+) charge state) as the extraction voltage is changed from 0 to 20 kV, in dedicated experiments at the Frankfurt 14 GHz-ECRIS. 相似文献
93.
Christian Bur Peter Reimann Mike Andersson Anita Lloyd Spetz Andreas Schütze 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(7-8):1015-1025
A silicon carbide based enhancement type metal insulator field effect transistor with porous gate metallization has been investigated as a total NO x sensor operated in a temperature cycling mode. This operating mode is quite new for gas sensors based on the field effect but promising results have been reported earlier. Based on static investigations we have developed a suitable T-cycle optimized for NO x detection and quantification in a mixture of typical exhaust gases (CO, C2H4, and NH3). Significant features describing the shape of the sensor response have been extracted and evaluated with multivariate statistics (e.g. linear discriminant analysis) allowing quantification of NO x . Additional cleaning-cycles every 30?min improve the stability of the sensor further. With this kind of advanced signal processing the influence of sensor drift and cross sensitivity to ambient gases can be reduced effectively. Measurements have proven that different concentrations of NO x can be detected even in a changing mixture of other typical exhaust gases under dry and humid conditions. In addition to that, unknown concentrations of NO x can be detected based on a small set of training data. It can be concluded that the performance of GasFETs for NO x determination can be enhanced considerably with temperature cycling and appropriate signal processing. 相似文献
94.
H. Echsler V. Shemet M. Schütze L. Singheiser W. J. Quadakkers 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(4):1047-1058
In the present paper the time and temperature dependent evolution of the microstructure of TBC systems and especially of post-experimentally
determined physical defects in and around the TGO for both isothermal and cyclic exposure conditions are investigated. Specimens
with APS- as well as with PVD-topcoats have been oxidised between 950 and 1100°C up to a maximum duration of 5000 h followed
by extensive scanning electron microscopy and subsequent interactive image analysis to measure the maximum crack lengths in
and around the TGO. These cracks are additionally classified with respect to their local orientation in the TGO or its vicinity.
The results of isothermal and cyclic test conditions show a number of similarities in results e.g. an unsystematic occurrence
of inwardly growing, “cauliflower like” oxide or the most frequently occurring type of cracks in APS systems. Nevertheless
substantial differences concerning the final failure, microstructure, crack growth behaviour and finally life time of the
component between isothermal and cyclic test conditions exist. Some indications were found, that for this particular bond
coat occurance of inwardly growing oxide intrusions increases the adherence of the TGO. 相似文献
95.
On a Kernel-Based Method for Pattern Recognition, Regression, Approximation, and Operator Inversion 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
We present a kernel-based framework for pattern recognition, regression estimation, function approximation, and multiple
operator inversion. Adopting a regularization-theoretic framework, the above are formulated as constrained optimization problems.
Previous approaches such as ridge regression, support vector methods, and regularization networks are included as special
cases. We show connections between the cost function and some properties up to now believed to apply to support vector machines
only. For appropriately chosen cost functions, the optimal solution of all the problems described above can be found by solving
a simple quadratic programming problem.
Received January 31, 1997; revised June 1, 1997, and July 7, 1997. 相似文献
96.
Bettina?Sch?ne-SeifertEmail author Daniel?R.?Friedrich Anke?Harney Stefan?Huster Heiner?Raspe 《Ethik in der Medizin》2018,30(4):325-341
Definition of the problem
“Medical necessity” (MedN) is the central regulatory concept for decisions about which services are covered by German statutory health insurance. Despite its seeming objectivity and dependence on physicians’ expert judgment, the concept is by no means clearly defined.Arguments
In this first of five planned papers on the conceptual analysis of MedN from the perspectives of philosophy and ethics of medicine, law, and (social) medicine, the focus lies on systemizing ongoing controversies.Conclusion
Our goal is to come up with a so far missing foundation for detailed debates. We aim to clarify MedN’s conceptual structure, function, contextuality, and ambiguities as well as the fundamental limits of conceptual investigations for the normative questions at issue of regulating medical services.97.
Carlos Raniery Paula dos Santos Jeroen Famaey Jürgen Schönwälder Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville Aiko Pras Filip De Turck 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》2016,24(3):764-787
Network and service management has established itself as a research field in the general area of computer networks. However, up to now, no appropriate organization of the field has been carried out in terms of a comprehensive list of terms and topics. In this paper, we introduce a taxonomy for network and service management. With such a taxonomy, it is possible to better understand the landscape of research as well as to reason about possible future challenges and opportunities. As such, in addition to the taxonomy itself, we also present an initial analysis of the field’s past, present, and future, based on the records of papers submitted and accepted in major conferences in the area, as well as a site survey performed through a questionnaire answered by experts from both industry and academia. 相似文献
98.
99.
C. Hassel K. Blaum T. Day Goodacre H. Dorrer Ch. E. Düllmann K. Eberhardt S. Eliseev C. Enss P. Filianin A. Fäßler A. Fleischmann L. Gastaldo M. Goncharov D. Hengstler J. Jochum K. Johnston M. Keller S. Kempf T. Kieck U. Köster M. Krantz B. Marsh C. Mokry Yu. N. Novikov P. C. O. Ranitzsch S. Rothe A. Rischka J. Runke A. Saenz F. Schneider S. Scholl R. X. Schüssler F. Simkovic T. Stora P. Thörle-Pospiech A. Türler M. Veinhard M. Wegner K. Wendt K. Zuber 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2016,184(3-4):910-921
100.
Markus Wohlschlögel Rainer Steegmüller Andreas Schüßler 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2014,23(7):2635-2640
Nonmetallic inclusions in Nitinol, such as carbides (TiC) and intermetallic oxides (Ti4Ni2O x ), are known to be triggers for fatigue failure of Nitinol medical devices. These mechanically brittle inclusions are introduced during the melting process. As a result of hot and cold working in the production of Nitinol tubing inclusions are fractionalized due to the mechanical deformation imposed. While the role of inclusions regarding Nitinol fatigue performance has been studied extensively in the past, their effect on Nitinol corrosion behavior was investigated in only a limited number of studies. The focus of the present work was to understand the effect of inclusion size and distribution on the corrosion behavior of medical-device grade Nitinol tubing made from three different ingot sources during different manufacturing stages: (i) for the initial stage (hollow: round bar with centric hole), (ii) after hot drawing, and (iii) after the final drawing step (final tubing dimensions: outer diameter 0.3 mm, wall thickness 0.1 mm). For one ingot source, two different material qualities were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed for electropolished samples of the above-mentioned stages. Results indicate that inclusion size rather than inclusion quantity affects the susceptibility of electropolished Nitinol to pitting corrosion. 相似文献