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11.
The use of patterned media is a new approach proposed to extend the recording densities of hard disk drives beyond 1 Tb/in.2. Bit-patterned media (BPM) overcome the thermal stability problems of conventional media by using single-domain islands for
each bit of recorded information, thereby eliminating the magnetic transition noise (Albrecht et al., Magnetic Recording on
Patterned Media, 2003). Considering steady state conditions, we have transferred the pattern from the disk surface onto the
slider surface and have investigated the pressure generation due to the bit pattern. To reduce the numerical complexity, we
have generated the bit pattern only in the areas of the slider near the trailing edge, where the spacing is small. Cylindrical
protrusions were modeled using very small mesh size on the order of nanometers to obtain the flying characteristics for the
entire slider air bearing surface (ABS) using the “CMRR” finite element Reynolds equation simulator (Duwensee et al., Microsyst
Technol, 2006; Wahl et al., STLE Tribol Trans, 39(1), 1996). The effect of pattern height, pattern diameter, slider skew angle,
and slider pitch angle on flying height of a typical slider is investigated. Numerical results show that the flying height
decreases for a patterned slider and the change in flying height is a function of the pattern height and ratio of the pattern
diameter to the pattern pitch. In comparison to discrete track media, the flying height loss is larger for a patterned slider
disk interface for the same recessed area of pattern. 相似文献
12.
Rajangam Vinodh Kalambettu Aravind Bhat Dharmalingam Sangeetha 《Journal of Polymer Research》2011,18(6):1469-1477
Quaternized Polysulfone (QPSU) is a widely investigated material in the industry because of its unique properties such as
resistance to corrosion and high mechanical properties. The ionic nature of the compound can be exploited for medical applications
such as in haemodialysis, drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this study, composite membranes of QPSU with varying concentrations
of Titanium oxide (TiO2) were prepared and characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The bioactivity of the membranes was studied by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for
7 days and subsequently observing under SEM for the formation of calcium-phosphate (Ca–PO4) layer on the surface of the membranes. The formation of Ca–PO4 on the samples was confirmed using FT-IR and EDAX. The results were compared with those obtained for QPSU membranes and the
effect of TiO2 concentration on the membrane properties was analyzed. It was observed that the percentage crystallinity of the composites
increased upto a filler concentration of 5 wt% beyond which it decreased. TGA studies revealed an increase in the thermal
stability of the composites with increasing filler concentrations. While optimum bioactivity was observed in the samples containing
5 wt% of TiO2, higher filler content resulted in the formation of denser calcium—phosphate layer on the surface of the composites. The
study shows that quaternized polysulphone/TiO2 composites are promising bio composites having great potential for application in health care. 相似文献
13.
S. Dhanasekaran Aravind Vadiraj G. Balachandran M. Kamaraj 《Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals》2010,63(5):779-785
Austempering of a ferrite-pearlitic grade of ductile iron was carried out to assess the potential use of the material for
crank shaft application reported. A commercial material was austempered at 340°C to realize the properties. The austempered
ductile iron gave good strength although the ductility values were lower. The material developed had complete ausferritric
structure free of pearlite. The various phase constitution and phase transformation associated with the treatment and during
mechanical deformation was examined. Using XRD analysis the volume fraction of the austenite in the matrix was estimated.
The various aspects of processing a commercial cast iron during ausetmpering, the phase transformation, microstructural evolution
have been examined along with the property of the material. The mechanical behaviour of the material and the scope for further
improvement is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Incorporation in pasta of either of two soluble fibres, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) and guar gum (GG), was found to significantly reduce the rate of invitro starch digestion. The amount of reducing sugars produced over 300 min was reduced by 18% at 1.5% CMC incorporation and 24% at 20% GG incorporation. Negative effects on sensory and technological properties were seen at the high levels of GG needed to reduce the rate of in vitro digestion, and a ‘matty’ layer covering the surfaces of starch granules was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy. By contrast, levels of CMC incorporation giving large reductions in in vitro digestion had no negative effects on pasta properties. No significant alteration in pasta structure on CMC incorporation was observed by microscopy. The large difference in the amounts of soluble fibre required to bring about equivalent reductions in digestion rate suggests that different mechanisms may be involved in the two cases. 相似文献
15.
Alloyed gray cast iron of varying compositions was studied for their wear behavior. In general, the alloyed gray irons studied have higher graphite volume fraction (∼20%) with Type-A graphite flake morphology. Base cast iron showed two to three times higher wear rates than the alloyed gray irons. Tensile strength and wear rates show decreasing trend with increase in graphite and carbide volume fraction. Wear track analysis shows three body abrasive wear mode resulting in debris generation and smudging along the wear tracks. The graphite gets released during sliding to form films along the wear tracks and then forms irregular debris. 相似文献
16.
This work is inspired by the so-called reranking tasks in natural language processing. In this paper, we first study the ranking, reranking, and ordinal regression algorithms proposed recently in the context of ranks and margins. Then we propose a general framework for ranking and reranking, and introduce a series of variants of the perceptron algorithm for ranking and reranking in the new framework. Compared to the approach of using pairwise objects as training samples, the new algorithms reduces the data complexity and training time. We apply the new perceptron algorithms to the parse reranking and machine translation reranking tasks, and study the performance of reranking by employing various definitions of the margins.Editors: Dan Roth and Pascale Fung 相似文献
17.
Aravind Harikumar Anil Kumar Alfred Stein P.L.N. Raju Y.V.N. Krishna Murthy 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(11):2767-2785
This article presents a hybrid fuzzy classifier for effective land-use/land-cover (LULC) mapping. It discusses a Bayesian method of incorporating spatial contextual information into the fuzzy noise classifier (FNC). The FNC was chosen as it detects noise using spectral information more efficiently than its fuzzy counterparts. The spatial information at the level of the second-order pixel neighbourhood was modelled using Markov random fields (MRFs). Spatial contextual information was added to the MRF using different adaptive interaction functions. These help to avoid over-smoothing at the class boundaries. The hybrid classifier was applied to advanced wide-field sensor (AWiFS) and linear imaging self-scanning sensor-III (LISS-III) images from a rural area in India. Validation was done with a LISS-IV image from the same area. The highest increase in accuracy among the adaptive functions was 4.1% and 2.1% for AWiFS and LISS-III images, respectively. The paper concludes that incorporation of spatial contextual information into the fuzzy noise classifier helps in achieving a more realistic and accurate classification of satellite images. 相似文献
18.
Aravind Suresh Joysurya Basu C. Barry Carter Nigel Sammes B. A. Wilhite 《Journal of Materials Science》2010,45(12):3215-3227
Cobalt-doped barium cerate-zirconate was synthesized using an oxalate co-precipitation route. The material was characterized
using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Results indicated that homogeneous cubic phase material was obtained at very high heat-treatment temperatures. Catalytic activity
of the material toward CH3OH partial-oxidation was tested at different temperatures and O2:CH3OH ratios. High hydrogen yields were obtained indicating that the material was a suitable catalyst for hydrogen generation.
Impedance spectroscopy tests were conducted at different conditions to understand conduction processes occurring in the material.
Results suggested mixed protonic–electronic conductivity in the presence of hydrogen. Thus, material is a potential candidate
for the bi-functional role of electro-ceramic catalyst for simultaneous hydrogen generation and purification. 相似文献
19.
Voltage-contrast scanning electron microscopy is demonstrated as a new technique to locate and characterize defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes. This method images the surface potential along and surrounding a nanotube in device configuration and it is used here to study the following: (a) structural point-defects formed during nanotube growth, (b) nano-scale gap formed by high-current electrical breakdown, (c) electronic defect such as electron-irradiation induced metal-insulator transition, and (d) charge injection into the substrate which causes hysteresis in nanotube devices. The in situ characterization of defect healing under high bias is also shown. The origin of voltage-contrast, the influence of the above defects on the contrast profiles and optimum imaging conditions are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Sathish Sundararaman Prabu Deivasigamani Narendrakumar Gopakumaran Jagadeesan Aravind Kumar Jayakumar S. Balasubramaniam Neelamegan Manoj Kumar 《IET nanobiotechnology / IET》2020,14(4):289
The extensive discomfort in the expulsion of toxic pollutants even at mild concentrations has demanded the need for prompt methods for the evacuation of dyes and heavy metals. The effective method for depuration of dye from the effluent is by sorption. Chitosan is a bio‐polymer which is gaining an increasing interest as one of the sorbents. It was obtained from the crab shells by undergoing several chemical processes and used as an adsorbent for dye, metal removal and also for pharmaceutical purposes. Cross linking it with other co polymers will increase the capacity of adsorption to a maximum level. Fish scales are considered to be a major waste in the food industry and since it takes a long time for decomposing it is considered to be one of the pollutants. Hence it is utilised by converting it into activated carbon by preliminary treatment and into a muffle furnace. The obtained activated carbon is combined with chitosan by using a cross linker and utilised for adsorption mechanism. To analyse the effect of chitosan cross linked with activated carbon obtained from fish scales in adsorption of dye Reactive Blue 9 (RB9) to evaluate the adsorption studies, kinetics, mass transfer studies, thermodynamics of the bio adsorbent.Inspec keywords: dyes, wastewater treatment, effluents, mass transfer, activated carbon, adsorption, polymer blends, water pollution control, thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, furnaces, recycling, industrial waste, waste recovery, food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, renewable materials, nanoparticles, toxicologyOther keywords: fish scales, activated carbon, reactive dye removal, toxic pollutants, heavy metals, bio‐polymer, nanochitosan, bio adsorbent, amalgamation, RB9 dye, industrial effluent, crab shells, adsorption method, pharmaceutical purposes, copolymers, food industry waste, waste recovery, recycling process, muffle furnace, reaction kinetics, mass transfer, thermodynamic analysis, ReactiveBlue 9, wastewater treatment, water pollution control, C 相似文献