Organosilane polymer chemistry: A review

Organosilane chemistry is a rapidly growing field. Over 1000 papers are published every year and the literature includes over 20.000 research papers and patents. Besides the synthetic aspects, organosilicon chemistry has become a major tool in the preparation of silylated compounds as reactive intermediates in organic synthesis and for an ever-increasing number of technical applications. This review article discusses the origin of organosilicon chemistry, the differences between carbon chemistry and silicon chemistry, and the application of silicon carbon chemistry in the field of polymers.     

Vibration based non-destructive evaluation of polymer composites

A feasibility study on the use of vibration spectrum analysis as a tool for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer composites was conducted. Material integrity of polymer composite samples was determined from the vibrational measurements by analyzing the resonant frequency and damping information. A number of important “states” in the composites tested could be characterized by this analysis. The vibration tehnique was found to be sensitive to physical flawing (fiber breakage, delamination, and matrix cracking). Vibrational NDE has many potential advantages that make it very attractive for composite applications. These include the ability to make global measurements of large structures in real-time, no geometry restrictions, and high sensitivity to a wide variety of damage states.     

Synthesis,characterization, and coating applications of chlorinated hydroxyrubber

Chlorinated hydroxyrubber has been synthesized via the chlorination of hydroxylated liquid natural rubber. The formulation examples and coatings properties of two-component chlorinated hydroxyrubber polyurethane coatings are described. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The status of two-dimensional Si/SiGe heterostructures

Silicon has dominated the semiconductor market consistently for decades. Other semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide, have found important niches, but the computer industry has yet to difoplace silicon as its favorite semiconductor. Recently, however, silicon-germanium alloys have been a focus of research, because they offer the option of greatly enhancing the speed and flexibility of silicon and can be integrated with existing silicon technology rather than replacing it. This article reviews some of the exciting new results in Si/SiGe heterostructures.     

Properties and Structure of Lead Halosilicate Glasses

The glass transformation temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, dc electrical conductivity, and IR transmission have been measured for four series of lead halosilicate glasses of the general composition (65– x )PbO· x PbX₂·35 SiO₂ (X=F, Cl, Br, I). Although results of these and other measurements suggest that the halide ions play similar structural roles in the glass, there appear to be significant differences in physical property behavior between glasses containing F⁻ anions and those containing the other three halide anions. These results are explained by a proposed model incorporating both bridging and nonbridging halide species.     

Smooth-pursuit eye movements: A comparison of two measurement techniques for studying schizophrenia.

Conducted simultaneous recording of smooth-pursuit eye movements by EOG and infrared reflection techniques with 5 psychiatric patients (1 with psychotic depression, 1 with organic brain syndrome, and 3 with schizophrenia) and 5 normal controls. Results show good correspondence between the 2 methods. The parameter of pursuit arrests, previously used to quantify smooth-pursuit performance, was not well correlated in the 2 methods. The natural logarithm of the signal/noise ratio obtained from harmonic regression of digitized and standardized eye movement data provides a valid quantitative assessment of smooth pursuit and suggests that such scoring of EOG records is effective and generally free of artifacts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tansformation Range Viscosity Measurements Using a Thermomechanical Analyzer

A commercial thermomechanical analyzer has been adapted to determine the transformation range viscosities of very small samples using a beam-bending configuration. Three viscosity standards—NBS-710, NBS-711, and NBS-717—have been used to determine the accuracy of this technique over a wide range of temperatures. The method yielded excellent results that were independent of sample size and heating rate. The largest deviation from National Bureau of Standards data was 3.8°C at 10¹⁰ Pa's for one sample of NBS-711; the average deviation at 10¹⁰ Pa's was approximately 2°C for all samples studied. In all cases, the activation energy for viscous flow was in excellent agreement with that calculated from National Bureau of Standards data.     

Visualizing adhesion-induced agglutination of Escherichia coli with mannosylated nanoparticles

Polymeric nanoparticles covalently functionalized with derivatized D-mannose molecules were synthesized and characterized. These nanoparticles have an average size of approximately 160 nm in diameter, thus bearing a large number of surface-tethered mannose moieties for multivalent interactions with adhesins on bacterial cells. Specifically, the mannosylated nanoparticles bind strongly with Escherichia coli, allowing the convenient visualization of adhesion interactions under a conventional electron microscope. Since a single nanoparticle is capable of binding more than one cell, the adhesion interactions result in significant nanoparticle-mediated cell agglutination according to electron microscopy imaging. Potential applications of the mannosylated nanoparticles in the inhibition of enteropathogenic infections are discussed.     

Quantitative Determination of the Deuteroxyl Content of Vitreous Silica

The deuteroxyl absorptivity for vitreous silica was determined by measurement of the reaction of hydrogen and deuterium with a form of vitreous silica known to form a specific amount of hydroxyl under all experimental conditions. The deuteroxyl absorptivity was found to be 90.4% of that of hydroxyl, or 164 L /(mol·cm).     

Exploring schema-driven differences in situation awareness between road users: an on-road study of driver,cyclist and motorcyclist situation awareness

Collisions between different road users make a substantial contribution to road trauma. Although evidence suggests that different road users interpret the same road situations differently, it is not clear how road users' situation awareness differs, nor is it clear which differences might lead to conflicts. This article presents the findings from an on-road study conducted to examine driver, motorcyclist and cyclist situation awareness in different road environments. The findings suggest that, in addition to minor differences in the structure of different road users' situation awareness (i.e. amount of information and how it is integrated), the actual content of situation awareness in terms of road user schemata, the resulting interaction with the world and the information underpinning situation awareness is markedly different. Further examination indicates that the differences are likely to be compatible along arterial roads, shopping strips and at roundabouts, but that they may create conflicts between different road users at intersections. Interventions designed to support compatible situation awareness and behaviour between different road users are discussed.