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81.
Astrid Linder Sylvia Schick Wolfram Hell Mats Svensson Anna Carlsson Paul Lemmen Kai-Uwe Schmitt Andreas Gutsche Ernst Tomasch 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2013
Neck injuries sustained in low severity vehicle crashes are of worldwide concern and the risk is higher for females than for males. The objective of the study was to provide guidance on how to evaluate protective performance of vehicle seat designs aiming to reduce the incidence of neck injuries for female and male occupants. The objective was achieved by reviewing injury risk, establishing anthropometric data of an average female, performing dynamic volunteer tests comprising females and males, and developing a finite element model, EvaRID, of an average female. With respect to injury criteria, it was concluded based on the tests that using NIC (with a lower threshold value) and Nkm (with reduced intercept values) for females would be a suitable starting point. Virtual impact simulations with seats showed that differences were found in the response of the BioRID II and EvaRID models, for certain seats. 相似文献
82.
Astrid Bredenkamp Harshad Velankar Willem H. van Zyl Johann F. Görgens 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2010,27(10):849-860
The production of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GOX) and native amylase by the recombinant M. circinelloides KFA199 strain under conditions of dimorphic growth was investigated. The recombinant KFA199 strain was compared to its parental ATCC 1216b strain and a wild‐type CBS 232.29 strain under similar morphology‐controlled conditions. Cultivation in Vogel's medium supplemented with ergosterol/Tween‐80 and sparged with nitrogen gas was most suitable for yeast‐like biomass production under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth was characterized by high levels of ethanol formation and linear growth rates of 0.24–0.05/h, indicating metabolic stress. Subsequent to anaerobic growth, cultures were shifted to aerobic conditions to induce aerobic mycelial growth. GOX produced by the recombinant KFA199 after the shift to aerobic conditions was poorly secreted and accumulated intracellularly to 0.56 U/mlculture. Amylase production by the KFA199, ATCC12b and CBS 232.29 strains was determined during growth on starch after the shift to aerobic culture. Growth‐associated amylase production by the ATCC 1216b (0.63 U/mlculture) and wild‐type CBS 232.29 (0.33 U/mlculture) strains was substantially higher than by the recombinant KFA199 strain (0.07 U/mlculture), which may be related to the leucine auxotrophy of the transformation host, or genetic changes induced during transformation of the KFA199 strain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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84.
Ben van Berkel Caroline Bos Astrid Piber Nuno Almeida Ger Gijzen Cynthia Markhoff Luis Etchegorry Ramon van der Heijden Marcin Koltunski Fernie Lai Patrik Noome 《城市环境设计》2010,(1):24-27
这一体育场的设计灵感来源于中国古代蹴鞠的色彩层次和叠加的构造。设计将观众的集体精神、建筑的公共领域和城市内涵交织在一起。主体育场将观众席、广播电视中心、管理区、贵宾休息室、运动员设施和公共大厅安置在一个分层次的空间中,这一空间延伸到地表层,在双层停车设施上部提供户外的公共空间。 相似文献
85.
Ben van Berkel Astrid Piber Ger Gijzen Marc Herschel Marianthi Tatari Sander Versluis Jorg Lonkwitz Tom Minderhoud Constantin Boincean Amsterdam 《城市环境设计》2010,(1):64-69
该大楼有20层,包含55个公寓,在楼中可以眺望啥德逊河、东河和曼哈顿的天际线。
该大楼有一个戏剧性、极富装饰性的立面,灵感来自Tribeca的19世纪的铸铁建筑和当代时尚。闪闪发光的黑色金属横带将包装的墙面扭曲,划分了阳台、平台和遮阳篷的位置,同时体现了立面的框架感。 相似文献
86.
Astrid Roetzel Aris Tsangrassoulis Udo Dietrich Sabine Busching 《Building Simulation》2010,3(2):87-103
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change the buildings sector has the largest mitigation potential for CO2 emissions. Especially in office buildings, where internal heat loads and a relatively high occupant density occur at the
same time with solar heat gains, overheating has become a common problem. In Europe the adaptive thermal comfort model according
to EN 15251 provides a method to evaluate thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings. However, especially in the context
of the climate change and the occurrence of heat waves within the last decade, the question arises, how thermal comfort can
be maintained without additional cooling, especially in warm climates. In this paper a parametric study for a typical cellular
naturally ventilated office room has been conducted, using the building simulation software EnergyPlus. It is based on the
Mediterranean climate of Athens, Greece. Adaptive thermal comfort is evaluated according to EN 15251. Variations refer to
different building design priorities, and they consider the variability of occupant behaviour and internal heat loads by using
an ideal and worst case scenario. The influence of heat waves is considered by comparing measured temperatures for an average
and an exceptionally hot year within the last decade. Since the use of building controls for shading affects thermal as well
as visual comfort, daylighting and view are evaluated as well. Conclusions are drawn regarding the influence and interaction
of building design, occupants and heat waves on comfort and greenhouse gas emissions in naturally ventilated offices, and
related optimisation potential. 相似文献
87.
Gundula Thomas Astrid Freund Friedrich Gründig 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2010,24(8):293
FORUM
Forum 相似文献88.
Egge SV Österberg U Aksnes A 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2012,29(6):1188-1198
In this paper a general method is presented for calculating the theoretical speckle contrast of a sum of correlated speckle patterns, motivated by the need to suppress the presence of speckle in laser projection displays. The method is applied to a specific example, where correlated speckle patterns are created by sequentially passing light through partially overlapping areas on a diffuser, before being projected onto a screen. This design makes it possible to find a simple expression for the correlation between speckle patterns. When the set of correlations involves symmetry, it is shown that the expression for the speckle contrast becomes simpler. The difference in performance between discretely and continuously varying speckle patterns is also investigated. In an example with speckle reduction by a rotating sinusoidal grating, it is found that continuous variation gives a speckle contrast that is 0.61 times the contrast obtained by discretely summing the maximum number of independent patterns. 相似文献
89.
90.