An automated enzymic micromethod for the measurement of fat in human milk

Most (98%) of the fat in human milk is present as triglycerides. This paper describes the use of a clarification procedure that enables the level of human milk fat to be determined by measurement of glycerol released by enzymic hydrolysis of triglycerides. The method requires only 10-50 microliters milk, thus presenting a possible technique for work with small mammals, and is suitable for use with autoanalysers, permitting rapid sample throughput.     

Agrobiodiversität und Pflanzenschutz – ein ambivalentes Verhältnis

No Abstract. .      

STATISTICAL MODELS FOR FAILURE OF APPLE TISSUE UNDER CONSTANT-STRAIN-RATE LOADING1

The normal, two-parameter Weibull, and three-parameter Weibull probability models were proposed for the strength of apple tissue drawing on previous theoretical work on fiber-reinforced composite materials. To test the models, failure stress data were determined for 800 cylindrical specimens of apple tissue subjected to low strain rate compressive loading in an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The data were fitted to the probability models and the corresponding Kolmogorov-Smirnov D-statistics were calculated and compared to tabulated critical values. The statistical tests indicated that the failure stress data fitted the three-parameter Weibull distribution, but did not fit either the normal or the two-parameter Weibull distribution.     

Effects of Processing on Curd Yield and Nutrient Composition of Rapid Hydration Hydrothermal Cooking and Traditionally Processed Soymilk and Soybean Curd

Soymilk processed by the Rapid Hydration Hydrothermal Cooking (RHHTC) method had higher thiamin and protein when compared to traditionally extracted soymilk (P<0.0001). Traditionally processed soybean curd had higher protein (P < 0.0001) and fat (P < 0.001) while carbohydrate and ash were lower (P<0.0001) when compared to RHHTC produced soybean curd. Variation in amino acid compositions occurred in soymilks and soybean curds. RHHTC-produced soybean curd had greater curd yields than traditionally produced soybean curd.     

Protein-lipid interactions in concentrated infant formula

Radiolabeled milk proteins ([carbon-14] beta-lactoglobulin or [carbon-14] kappa-casein) were added to raw skim milk used to prepare concentrated humanized infant formula. Ultracentrifugation of the sterilized product allowed separation of three fractions: lipids and the proteins associated with them; free casein micelles and other dense particles; and the fluid phase. Distribution of radiolabeled tracer proteins or of protein measured by chemical methods among these three phases varied significantly with differences in processing conditions (time and temperature of sterilization) or amount of certain additives (potassium hydroxide or urea). In the range of 0 to 8 meq/L of potassium hydroxide added to the formula after homogenization but before sterilization, the lipid layer content of carbon-14 from [carbon-14] kappa-casein in the sterilized product decreased by 4.7% for each 1 meq/L of added potassium hydroxide. Lipid layer content of protein decreased by 2 g/L (of a total of 32 g/L) for each 1 meq/L potassium hydroxide. Such differences in the structure of the product, related to interactions of protein with lipid, protein, or calcium phosphate, may correlate with physical properties and stability of milk-based lipid-rich products.     

Mechanics of sintering materials with bimodal pore distribution. III. Kinetics of sintering combined with various forms of loading and adhesion conditions

A study has been made on the effects of loading scheme and conditions restricting macroscopic strain on the work-hardening kinetics and strain accumulation in the solid state in sintering materials with bimodal pore size distributions. Active loading intensifies the reduction in the small pores. The greatest effect comes from combining sintering with hydrostatic compression. At the same time, kinematic constraints (partial or complete adhesion in surfaces) substantially retards the shrinkage of large pores, which means that the porous structure can be controlled. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(449), pp. 10–15, May–June, 2006.     

Spray deposition process study of SnO2silicon solar cells using orthogonal experimental design

With the “orthogonal experimental design” (OED), the dependence of conductivity and transparency of tin oxide films and open circuit voltage V_oc of SIS solar cells on the spray deposition process factors was studied. The OED technique was found to be a powerful method for realizing the best factor combination. Using OED, curves were obtained which clearly depict the effects of each factor on the SIS characteristics. The results of the experiments also illustrate exactly which variation in fabrication technique most affects the sheet resistance, V_oc, and film transparency. Under the optimal combination of conditions, a thin film doped with NH₄F was obtained, with about 90% transmission and a sheet resistance of about 80 Ω/□, along with an SIS structure with a V_oc of about 0.61 V.     

Structure and processes of formation of oxide electrocatalysts

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 10, pp. 27–29, October, 1991.