电化学除氯对钢筋混凝土钢筋自然电位的影响

利用电化学综合测试仪,研究了不同水灰比、矿物掺合料、氯离子含量和引入方式以及龄期对钢筋混凝土在除氯前后钢筋自然电位的影响规律。试验结果表明钢筋自然电位随除氯前混凝土水灰比、氯离子含量及养护龄期的增大而增大。     

Carbon Diffusion in Lanthanum Erbium Carbide Stabilized in the Cubic Fluorite Structure

Lanthanum erbium carbide, La_0.5Er_0.5C₂, a salt-like carbide with a cubic fluorite phase structure, has been produced from ¹³C, allowing carbon diffusion rate to be determined using ¹²C. Carbon in salt-like carbides exhibits significant ionicity, and a high carbon diffusion rate would enable a new class of high temperature fuel cells based on carbon-ion transport. The complete lack of carbon diffusion data for salt-like carbides is the motivation for this work. The carbon diffusion rate in La_0.5Er_0.5C₂ has now been determined to be 2.0 ± 0.8 × 10⁻¹³ cm²/s at 850 °C, increasing to 1.8 ± 0.8 × 10⁻¹¹ cm²/s at 1150 °C, with an activation energy of about 95 kJ/mole. These diffusion rates are too low for a carbon-ion fuel cell, but a number of other salt-like carbides exist. Be₂C, in particular, is a salt-like carbide with an antifluorite structure, and should have higher carbon-ion diffusion than cubic La_0.5Er_0.5C₂ due to the unoccupied octahedral sites in the antifluorite structure, but Be₂C presents special difficulties due to the toxic nature of its hydrolysis products.     

Fame in the sciences: a culturomics approach

Scientometrics - Although scientists, like many other professionals, aspire to fame and recognition, research in the emergent field of fame and celebrity has as yet neglected to explore their fame...     

Automated extraction and classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis

Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS data for structural engineering purposes, procedures and software are presented for (a) extraction of peak gust wind data and thunderstorm observations from archived ASOS reports, (b) classification of wind data as thunderstorm or non-thunderstorm to enable separate analyses, and (c) construction of data sets separated by specified minimum time intervals to ensure statistical independence. The procedures are illustrated using approximately 20-year datasets from three ASOS stations near New York City. It is shown that for these stations thunderstorm wind speeds dominate the extreme wind climate at long return periods. Also presented are estimates based on commingled data sets (i.e., sets containing, indiscriminately, both non-thunderstorm and thunderstorm wind speeds), which until now have been used almost exclusively for extreme wind speed estimates in the US. Analyses at additional stations will be needed to check whether these results are typical for locations with both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm winds.     

互联电网运行控制性能评价标准研究(三)新标准的指标设计

基于所提出的评价标准新构架和3个标准的设计思想,针对中国电网运行具体实际,对各标准指标的构造进行了理论探索,给出了3个标准的指标备选方案。其要点是:将行业标准中频率合格百分数指标转化为概率指标,以适应中国的电网质量考核方式;针对频率安全的实际关注点,设计积分型的频率安全标准指标形式,并给出了离散采样情况下的指标样式;无意交换电量标准中时段长度可选,可适应不同的结算时间尺度;对所设计的各项标准的重合度进行分析,明确了各标准同时设置的必要性。     

市政档案管理对市政建设的作用

市政档案是城市规划、建设与管理工作的结晶,也是整个城市运行、发展和延续的保障。管好、用好市政档案,可以随时发现并及时解决城市日常运转中出现的故障,可以准确判断市政设施的利用价值。在此基础上,才能实现科学管理市政设施、减少勘测设计及试验费用、节约建设资金,从而创造良好的投资环境。