Supplemental methionine and time of supplementation effects on ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and in situ dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance in cattle

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation and digesta kinetics. In Exp. 1, nine ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial BW = 527 kg) in a crossover design were fed low-quality grass hay and cottonseed meal with or without 11.4 g of supplemental methionine (polysaccharide-coated). Particulate and fluid kinetics, rate of DM and NDF disappearance, ruminal VFA and NH3 N concentrations, and pH were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine; however, ruminal purine concentration was greater (P < .05) in methionine-supplemented heifers than in unsupplemented heifers. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average initial BW = 622 kg) grazing a fescue pasture were allotted to one of three groups: no supplemental methionine (CON) or 11.4 g of supplemental methionine fed at 0700 (AM) or at 1200 (PM). Forage intake, particulate kinetics, ruminal fluid kinetics, pH, VFA, and NH3 N concentrations were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine or supplementation time. In situ rate of DM and NDF disappearance was greater (P < .05) in supplemented steers than in CON steers; AM steers exhibited faster (P < .05) rates than PM steers. Overall, methionine supplementation of low-quality forage increased ruminal purine concentration but did not alter in situ fermentation or digesta passage, whereas supplementation at 0700, but not at 1200, of steers grazing fescue forage increased rate of NDF fermentation.     

电化学除氯对钢筋混凝土钢筋自然电位的影响

利用电化学综合测试仪,研究了不同水灰比、矿物掺合料、氯离子含量和引入方式以及龄期对钢筋混凝土在除氯前后钢筋自然电位的影响规律。试验结果表明钢筋自然电位随除氯前混凝土水灰比、氯离子含量及养护龄期的增大而增大。     

Using enterprise architecture analysis and interview data to estimate service response time

Insights into service response time is important for service-oriented architectures and service management. However, directly measuring the service response time is not always feasible or can be very costly. This paper extends an analytical modeling method which uses enterprise architecture modeling to support the analysis. The extensions consist of (i) a formalization using the Hybrid Probabilistic Relational Model formalism, (ii) an implementation in an analysis tool for enterprise architecture and (iii) a data collection approach using expert assessments collected via interviews and questionnaires. The accuracy and cost effectiveness of the method was tested empirically by comparing it with direct performance measurements of five services of a geographical information system at a Swedish utility company. The tests indicate that the proposed method can be a viable option for rapid service response time estimates when a moderate accuracy within 15% is sufficient.     

Hyperwelcome

Web page annotation and adaptive navigation support are two active, but independent research directions focused on the same goal: expanding the functionality of the Web as a hypertext system. The goal of the AnnotatEd system presented in this paper has been to integrate annotation and adaptive navigation support into a single value-added service where the components can reinforce each other and create new unique attributes. This paper describes the implementation of AnnotatEd from early prototypes to the current version, which has been explored in several contexts. We summarize some lessons we learned during the development process and which defined the current functionality of the system. We also present the results of several classroom studies of the system. These results demonstrate the importance of the browsing-based information access supported by AnnotatEd and the value of both the annotation and navigation support functionalities offered by the system.     

What Math Matters? Types of Mathematics Knowledge and Relationships to Methods Course Performance

This study investigated the effect of a departmental focus on enhanced mathematics knowledge for teaching on overall performance in upper elementary mathematics methods courses. The study examined the effect of performance on a new course in mathematics for teaching on performance at the methods course level. In addition, the effect of performance on a high-stakes test of general elementary-level mathematics content knowledge was explored. Mathematics knowledge for teaching was found to be a highly significant predictor of first semester methods course performance, arguably pedagogical content knowledge, whereas knowledge of the general elementary mathematics content appeared less related.     

互联电网运行控制性能评价标准研究(三)新标准的指标设计

基于所提出的评价标准新构架和3个标准的设计思想,针对中国电网运行具体实际,对各标准指标的构造进行了理论探索,给出了3个标准的指标备选方案。其要点是:将行业标准中频率合格百分数指标转化为概率指标,以适应中国的电网质量考核方式;针对频率安全的实际关注点,设计积分型的频率安全标准指标形式,并给出了离散采样情况下的指标样式;无意交换电量标准中时段长度可选,可适应不同的结算时间尺度;对所设计的各项标准的重合度进行分析,明确了各标准同时设置的必要性。     

市政档案管理对市政建设的作用

市政档案是城市规划、建设与管理工作的结晶,也是整个城市运行、发展和延续的保障。管好、用好市政档案,可以随时发现并及时解决城市日常运转中出现的故障,可以准确判断市政设施的利用价值。在此基础上,才能实现科学管理市政设施、减少勘测设计及试验费用、节约建设资金,从而创造良好的投资环境。     

铝合金阳极氧化膜层结构对粘接性能的影响

目的研究铝合金阳极氧化膜层厚度与孔径对粘接性能的影响。方法制备铝合金阳极氧化膜层,配制电解液成分为120 g/L H_2SO_4,60 g/L H3PO4,7 g/L CH_3COOH,温度为22℃。通过改变阳极氧化时间和阳极氧化电压,制备膜层厚度不同和孔径尺寸不同的阳极氧化膜层结构,对阳极氧化膜试样涂TS-805胶粘剂,加压固化。通过拉伸剪切强度测试和湿热环境耐久性能测试,评价氧化膜层厚度和孔径对阳极氧化膜粘接性能的影响关系。结果随着膜层厚度的增加,拉剪强度逐渐升高,达到一定厚度后,膜的拉剪强度不再增加反而降低,当膜层厚度为9.41μm时,铝合金粘接件的拉剪强度最高为25.06 MPa。在膜层厚度一定的情况下,氧化膜层结构中孔径尺寸对拉剪强度的影响较小;氧化膜层的湿热环境耐久性能随着氧化时间的增加而提升,当氧化时间为30 min时,膜层湿热耐久性能最优;膜层湿热环境的耐久性能受膜层孔径尺寸的影响较小。结论铝合金阳极氧化膜层结构中多孔层的孔深对粘接接头的粘接强度有影响,膜层过厚在粘接过程中粘接界面易形成气孔而降低粘接的拉剪强度,膜层厚度的最佳值与选用胶粘剂的黏度和多孔层的孔径有关,孔径对粘接拉剪强度的影响不明显。铝合金粘接的湿热耐久性能与氧化膜的孔径关系较大,对同一氧化体系的氧化膜层结构,孔径越大,湿热耐久性能越高。氧化电压是控制氧化膜层结构的主要因素,可以通过控制氧化电压提高氧化膜层粘接的湿热耐久性能。     

紫外光固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层的合成和性能研究

目的 制备一种紫外光（UV）固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层,并研究其自愈合性能。 方法 以2.4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、三羟基聚醚多元醇（HSH330）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为原料,采用两步法合成UV固化丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）。使用红外光谱对合成涂层的化学结构进行表征,使用激光共聚焦显微镜对涂层的表界面性能进行分析,并使用拉力试验机考察涂层的力学性能、自愈合性能及成膜性能。结果 FTIR光谱结果表明,合成的涂层是丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）,810 cm–1处存在来自HEMA的—C=C—双键弯曲振动峰,同时涂层仍呈现出明显的聚氨酯化学结构特性。随着HEMA的引入,涂层硬段质量分数从20%增加至40%的过程中,吸水率从36.8%降至3.1%,弹性模量从0.29 MPa增加至8.69 MPa。自愈合性能测试结果表明,随着HEMA的引入,涂层的自愈合率降低,当APU涂层硬段质量分数超过45%后,涂层失去自愈合能力。结论 制备的APU涂层具有优异的耐水性和致密性,由于HEMA含量的增加限制了软段结构的分子链运动和氢键作用,从而削弱了涂层的自愈合性能。