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71.
38CrSi钢表面纳米结构层力学性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用超音速微粒轰击技术在38CrSi合金钢表面制备了厚度约为25μm纳米晶层.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对表面结构进行分析.纳米结构层的最表面层的晶粒尺寸约为16nm,晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大.利用纳米压痕仪对表面纳米结构层的力学性能进行研究,结果表明,当表面晶粒尺寸降低到纳米量级时力学性能明显改善,最表面纳米结构层的硬度是基体的2倍左右,并服从Hall-Petch关系;表面纳米结构层的弹性恢复系数明显提高;利用该方法制备的纳米晶对弹性模量的影响较小;对表面纳米化样品进行低温退火处理可使纳米结构层的性能更加稳定.分析表明表面纳米结构层力学性能的改善主要是表面晶粒细化的结果. 相似文献
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The carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) may be quantitated routinely at ultratrace (ng/L) levels in drinking water or contaminated groundwater. The aqueous sample is passed through a preconditioned Empore C18 filter disk to remove neutral nonpolar species and then extracted continuously overnight with highest purity dichloromethane. The latter is then concentrated to 1 mL, and a large aliquot (up to 200 microL) is loaded onto a dual-stage carbon sorbent trap, after which the solvent is removed with ultrapure helium. The concentrated residues are then injected onto a gas chromatographic column using a short-path thermal desorber. NDMA is selectively detected using a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) operated in its nitrosamine-selective mode. The reporting limit for this procedure, evaluated using two independent statistically unbiased protocols, is 2 ng of NDMA/L. A related procedure, employing an automatic sampler instead of the short-path thermal desorber, provides convenient analysis of heavily contaminated samples and exhibits a reporting limit (same protocols cited previously) of 110 ng of NDMA/L. When the two methods are used together in a "two-tiered" protocol, NDMA concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (ng/L to microgram/L levels) may be measured routinely. The low-level procedure employing only the short-path thermal desorber was applied successfully to three sources of drinking water, where NDMA concentrations ranged between 2 and 10 ng of NDMA/L. The two-tiered protocol was applied to a series of contaminated groundwaters whose NMDA concentrations ranged between approximately 10-7000 ng of NDMA/L. The results agreed with those obtained from an independent collaborating laboratory, which used a different analytical procedure. 相似文献
75.
The indirect estimation of thiamine levels in human blood by measuring thiamine pyrophosphate effect on erythrocyte transketolase activity is the method of choice in most clinical laboratories. We describe here an optimized, time-saving, and accurate method to determine the thiamine pyrophosphate effect in as many as 16 blood samples simultaneously. The method is based on a multi-point determination using a computer remote-controlled microplate reader. For multiple sample handling, three pooled reaction mixtures are freshly prepared and loaded onto a 96 well microtitre plate. A pre-written software is then initiated to remote-control the system. The data is retrieved and processed to calculate thiamine pyrophosphate effect by a self-written "macro" on a "Quattro-Pro" worksheet database. This method proves to be highly accurate (coefficient of variance: 2.7%), reproducible (coefficient of variance: 4.1%) and economical. 相似文献
76.
NS Kislitsina BA Katsnel'son LI Privalova OV Driakhlova 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,(10):31-34
The authors proved that animals having higher natural antioxidant activity and lower intensity of lipid peroxidation are more resistant to fibrogenic effects of quartz. The peritoneal macrophages obtained from those animals show higher resistance to quartz exposure "in vitro". Parameters characterizing antioxidant system should be included into a group of indexes describing propensity to silicosis. 相似文献
77.
Results from a number of studies have shown that individuals with profound developmental disabilities often show differential approach behavior to stimuli presented in a variety of formats, and that such behavior is a reasonably good predictor of reinforcement effects when these "preferred" stimuli are used subsequently in a contingent arrangement. Recent data suggest that reinforcement effects may be enhanced further by allowing individuals to select, just prior to training sessions, which (of several) preferred stimuli would be used as reinforcers, but whether this method is superior to one based on selection by a teacher or therapist has not been adequately addressed. We compared the effects of these two methods of reinforcer selection on rates of responding on a free-operant task, using stimuli previously identified as potential reinforcers. Results obtained with 4 subjects indicated little or no difference in reinforcement effects when stimuli were selected by subjects rather than experimenters. Implications of these results with respect to choice and its relation to reinforcement are discussed. 相似文献
78.
随着电源结构与电网形态的转变,互联电力系统频率时空分布特征日益显著,区域频率差异与区间联络线功率振荡增大,基于统一频率假设的频率安全约束机组组合方法不再适用。针对考虑频率时空分布特征的两区互联电力系统安全约束机组组合,推导区域频率与区间联络线功率闭式解,并基于闭式解的两项划分,推得区域频率最低点、最大变化率、准稳态值以及区间联络线功率振荡峰值、准稳态值等一系列解析安全量化指标。基于所得指标,构建考虑区域频率与区间联络线功率安全约束的机组组合模型。并根据调度模式与指标特点,提出兼顾区域能力保障与区间能力协调的两级两阶段迭代求解算法。结果表明,所得指标可准确描述两区互联电力系统的安全特征,所提模型和算法可有效保障两区互联电力系统机组组合方案的运行安全。 相似文献
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用负压真空冷冻干燥机在-20℃条件下冷冻干燥48h制备珍珠层粉/壳聚糖复合多孔支架。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察支架表面形貌,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对材料进行表征测试,检测其降解性能,并将兔骨髓间充质干细胞与支架共培养检测材料细胞毒性。结果表明复合支架具有稳固的三维多孔结构,孔隙率最大至91.64%,孔径在100~300μm范围,降解性能适宜,且冷冻干燥制备方法对珍珠层粉的结构无明显破坏,并具有良好的生物相容性,有利于细胞的生长。 相似文献
80.
壳聚糖、竹粉和PVC等按一定比例混合,用挤出成型法制备了竹粉/PVC复合材料。考察了壳聚糖添加量对复合材料物理力学性能、热稳定性、防水性能和防腐性能的影响。结果表明,适量壳聚糖的添加,可以改善复合材料的综合性能。且当壳聚糖含量为3wt%时复合材料的性能最佳,与未添加壳聚糖的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了44.7%、58.2%和79.6%,腐蚀前8天的吸水率从2.2%降低为1.6%,被白腐菌和褐腐菌腐蚀后材料的质量损失率分别降低了94.1%和75.0%。 相似文献