微生物驱油过程中配气对菌群结构及驱油效果的影响

为揭示油藏条件下微生物驱油过程中配注空气对菌群结构及驱油效果的影响规律,通过岩心驱替模拟实验研究了配气量对微生物驱驱油效率的影响,并通过显微镜、高通量测序仪和气相色谱分析了产出液中的菌群和小分子酸的动态变化。结果表明,微生物驱油过程中,配注空气量对菌群结构及驱油效果的影响显著。配注不同体积的空气激活微生物作用后产生了明显的驱替效果,并且随着配气量的增加驱替效率升高并逐渐稳定,液气比为1∶5时的驱替效率最高(8.77%)。随配气量增加产出液中菌数升高,不同类型的功能微生物被激活,其中4类主要优势功能菌占整个菌群比例的67%,功能微生物主要以产表面活性剂和乳化剂的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌为主。配气量为液气比1∶5时微生物群落shannon多样性指数最高,代谢产生的小分子酸浓度较高,微生物代谢活性最佳。液气比1∶5可以作为现场实际配气的选择依据。图3表3参19     

强闪光烟火药过载能力的实验研究

采用大落锤冲击装置模拟研究了强闪光烟火药的过载能力。实验结果表明:强闪光烟火药在装药密度为1.9×103kg.m-3,实验加载应力653 MPa,装药长度为40 mm时承受的过载为8.59×105g(g=10 m.s-2);在加载应力小于653 MPa范围内,强过载产生的热点不能引燃该强闪光药柱。原因可能是(1)强闪光烟火药中氧化剂的热分解温度和可燃物的着火点很高,难以诱发反应;(2)装药质量得到很大改善,热点产生源减少;(3)压药过程使得KC lO4和铝粉的接触面积增大,热点源产生的热量可以通过金属颗粒较迅速向其周围传递,以致热点熄灭。     

高补偿硅的阻–温特性

采用5Ω·cm的p型单晶硅,通过在高温下扩散金属锰的方法,可以得到高补偿硅.笔者选择没有光照下,室温电阻率为5.84×104Ω·cm的样品,进行测量电阻随温度的变化关系(温度从77 K上升到300 K).测试结果表明:在没有光照条件下测试时,电阻随温度的变化同普通的半导体;但在受到光照时,却出现极不相同的情况,这种不同,可能来自所掺杂的硅是一种光敏材料及掺入的杂质是一种深能级杂质.     

基于TINI平台的嵌入式互联网接入技术研究

随着网络技术的发展,将各种设备接人互联网,利用互联网实现数据传输与远程监控成为当今电子设备发展的必然趋势.文中介绍了DS80OC400芯片以及基于此芯片的TINI系统.提出了采用TINI系统来实现非网络设备接入互联网的方法,包括硬件结构、软件设计以及开发流程等,并以RS-232接口为例,给出了此方法的具体实现.与传统的通过PC机转接的方法相比,此方法具有开发成本低、效率高、运行稳定、低功耗、体积小等特点.     

缺陷问题驱动浸没光刻技术发展

涂层的应用导致晶圆上缺陷的增加或者使光刻表现发生变化虽然现在推测浸没光刻技术的量产时间还太早,但是许多公司正在努力确定生产线何时能从干法工艺跃为湿法工艺。根据最近在San Jose举办的     

环氧树脂和石墨对高氯酸钾类烟火药撞击感度的影响

为了揭示高氯酸钾类烟火药的安全性,制备了本工作称为样品1#～7#的7种50/50/m/n-KClO4/Al/环氧树脂/石墨混合物体系(m=n=0;m=3,n=0;m=5,n=0;m=5,n=1;m=5,n=2;m=5,n=3;m=5,n=4)。用GJB772A-1997-601.1,热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了环氧树脂和石墨对高氯酸钾类烟火药撞击感度的影响。结果表明:样品1#～7#的撞击感度爆炸百分数分别为0,60,76,40,12,2和0。与样品1#比较,样品1#中加入环氧树脂使样品2#和3#的撞击感度爆炸百分数升高,且随样品1#中环氧树脂含量的增加,撞击感度爆炸百分数升高。与样品3#比较,样品3#中加入石墨使样品4#～7#的撞击感度爆炸百分数降低,且随样品3#中石墨含量的增加,撞击感度爆炸百分数以4#>5#>6#>7#次序降低。探讨了环氧树脂对KClO4/Al二元体系起增感作用和石墨起减感作用的原因。     

Editorial

On the start occasion of the New Year, 2010, we would like to extendour sincere appreciations and compliments to all readers, authors,reviewers, all the members of the editorial board of Optoelectronics     

Predicting the effect of proteolysis on ruminal crude protein degradation of legume and grass silages using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Two studies were conducted to assess whether routine applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy could predict the effects of silage proteolysis on ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation of legume and grass silages. A preliminary study was conducted to assess the effect of laboratory drying method on ruminal CP degradation of silages. Thirty legume and grass silages were freeze-, oven-, or microwave-dried and incubated in situ in the ventral rumen of three ruminally cannulated cows for 24 h. Freeze-drying was considered least likely to alter ruminal CP degradation of the silages; therefore, oven- and microwave-drying were compared using first-order regression with freeze-drying. Oven-drying for 48 h at 55 degrees C compared favorably (R2 = 0.84) with freeze-drying. Microwave-drying resulted in a large bias (2.84 g/10(-1) kg of CP) and was poorly related (R2 = 0.48) to freeze-drying. In a second study, alfalfa and timothy were cut at three maturities and allowed to wilt for 0, 10, 24, 32, 48, and 54 h. Forages were ensiled in triplicate cylindrical mini silos and allowed to ferment for 120 d. After fermentation, silages were oven-dried, ground, and scanned on a near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometer. Duplicate, dried, 2-mm ground silage samples were incubated in the ventral rumen of three ruminally cannulated cows for 24 h. Forage species, maturity, and wilting time significantly affected 24-h ruminal CP degradation of the silages. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy accurately predicted (R2 = 0.91) 24-h ruminal CP degradation of silages. Data suggest near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy can accurately assess the effects of forage species, maturity, and wilting time (proteolysis) on 24-h ruminal CP degradation of legume and grass silages.     

A conjugate gradient-based algorithm to minimize the sidelobe levelof planar arrays with element failures

Element failures increase the sidelobe power level of an array. Reconfiguring the amplitude and phase distribution of the remaining elements can partially compensate for the failed elements and thus reduce the sidelobe level. An algorithm is obtained that yields the reconfigured distribution by minimizing the ratio of the average peak sidelobe power level to the power in the main beam, taking into account the defective elements. The minimization of this nonlinear function is carried out via a conjugate gradient method. The algorithm is applied to the synthesis of sum and difference patterns of planar arrays     

成品率的预测准确度有多高

成品率预测是可制造性设计（DFM）的基础之，但它还远不止于此。IBM系统和技术群300mm半导体运营副总裁DanArmbrust说：“我们精确预测成品率的能力就是我们的经济模式。”Armbrust是SEMICON West 2007成品率论坛讨论DFM现状的三位参与者之一。与他共同参加讨论的是Synopsys公司DFM解决方案副总裁Anantha Sethuraman和Photronics公司的CTO Chris Progler。